前言
以前须要异步执行一个工作时,个别是用 Thread 或者线程池 Executor 去创立。如果须要返回值,则是调用 Executor.submit 获取 Future。然而多个线程存在依赖组合,咱们又能怎么办?可应用同步组件 CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier 等;其实有简略的办法,就是用 CompeletableFuture
- 线程工作的创立
- 线程工作的串行执行
- 线程工作的并行执行
- 解决工作后果和异样
- 多任务的简略组合
- 勾销执行线程工作
- 工作后果的获取和实现与否判断
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1 创立异步线程工作
依据 supplier 创立 CompletableFuture 工作
// 应用内置线程 ForkJoinPool.commonPool(),依据 supplier 构建执行工作
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
// 指定自定义线程,依据 supplier 构建执行工作
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor)
依据 runnable 创立 CompletableFuture 工作
// 应用内置线程 ForkJoinPool.commonPool(),依据 runnable 构建执行工作
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable)
// 指定自定义线程,依据 runnable 构建执行工作
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor)
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应用示例
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> rFuture = CompletableFuture .runAsync(() -> System.out.println("hello siting"), executor); //supplyAsync 的应用 CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {System.out.print("hello"); return "siting"; }, executor); // 阻塞期待,runAsync 的 future 无返回值,输入 null System.out.println(rFuture.join()); // 阻塞期待 String name = future.join(); System.out.println(name); executor.shutdown(); // 线程池须要敞开 -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting null hello siting
常量值作为 CompletableFuture 返回
// 有时候是须要构建一个常量的 CompletableFuture public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> completedFuture(U value)
2 线程串行执行
工作实现则运行 action,不关怀上一个工作的后果,无返回值
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRun(Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action)
//action 用指定线程池执行
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) .thenRunAsync(() -> System.out.println("OK"), executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- OK
工作实现则运行 action,依赖上一个工作的后果,无返回值
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action)
//action 用指定线程池执行
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) .thenAcceptAsync(System.out::println, executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting
工作实现则运行 fn,依赖上一个工作的后果,有返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
//fn 用指定线程池执行
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor)
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应用示例
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "hello world", executor) .thenApplyAsync(data -> {System.out.println(data); return "OK"; }, executor); System.out.println(future.join()); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello world OK
thenCompose – 工作实现则运行 fn,依赖上一个工作的后果,有返回值
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相似 thenApply(区别是 thenCompose 的返回值是 CompletionStage,thenApply 则是返回 U),提供该办法为了和其余 CompletableFuture 工作更好地配套组合应用
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenCompose(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,常量工作 CompletableFuture<String> f = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("OK"); // 第二个异步工作 ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "hello world", executor) .thenComposeAsync(data -> {System.out.println(data); return f; // 应用第一个工作作为返回 }, executor); System.out.println(future.join()); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello world OK
3 线程并行执行
两个 CompletableFuture 并行执行完,而后执行 action,不依赖上两个工作的后果,无返回值
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBoth(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,常量工作 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world"); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) // () -> System.out.println("OK") 是第三个工作 .runAfterBothAsync(first, () -> System.out.println("OK"), executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- OK
两个 CompletableFuture 并行执行完,而后执行 action,依赖上两个工作的后果,无返回值
// 调用方工作和 other 并行实现后执行 action,action 再依赖生产两个工作的后果,无返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)
// 两个工作异步实现,fn 再依赖生产两个工作的后果,无返回值,应用默认线程池
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action)
// 两个工作异步实现,fn(用指定线程池执行)再依赖生产两个工作的后果,无返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,常量工作 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world"); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) // (w, s) -> System.out.println(s) 是第三个工作 .thenAcceptBothAsync(first, (s, w) -> System.out.println(s), executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting
两个 CompletableFuture 并行执行完,而后执行 fn,依赖上两个工作的后果,有返回值
// 调用方工作和 other 并行实现后,执行 fn,fn 再依赖生产两个工作的后果,有返回值
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombine(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn)
// 两个工作异步实现,fn 再依赖生产两个工作的后果,有返回值,应用默认线程池
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn)
// 两个工作异步实现,fn(用指定线程池执行)再依赖生产两个工作的后果,有返回值
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,
BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,常量工作 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("hello world"); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) // (w, s) -> System.out.println(s) 是第三个工作 .thenCombineAsync(first, (s, w) -> {System.out.println(s); return "OK"; }, executor); System.out.println(future.join()); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting OK
4 线程并行执行,谁先执行完则谁触发下一工作(二者选其最快)
上一个工作或者 other 工作实现, 运行 action,不依赖前一工作的后果,无返回值
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEither(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other, Runnable action)
//action 用指定线程池执行
public CompletableFuture<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,
Runnable action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,休眠 1 秒,保障最晚执行晚 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{try{ Thread.sleep(1000); }catch (Exception e){} System.out.println("hello world"); return "hello world"; }); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() ->{System.out.println("hello siting"); return "hello siting"; } , executor) //() -> System.out.println("OK") 是第三个工作 .runAfterEitherAsync(first, () -> System.out.println("OK") , executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting OK
上一个工作或者 other 工作实现, 运行 action,依赖最先实现工作的后果,无返回值
public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Consumer<? super T> action)
public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)
//action 用指定线程池执行
public CompletableFuture<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Consumer<? super T> action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,休眠 1 秒,保障最晚执行晚 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{try{ Thread.sleep(1000); }catch (Exception e){} return "hello world"; }); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) // data -> System.out.println(data) 是第三个工作 .acceptEitherAsync(first, data -> System.out.println(data) , executor); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting
上一个工作或者 other 工作实现, 运行 fn,依赖最先实现工作的后果,有返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Function<? super T, U> fn)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Function<? super T, U> fn)
//fn 用指定线程池执行
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,
Function<? super T, U> fn, Executor executor)
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应用示例
// 第一个异步工作,休眠 1 秒,保障最晚执行晚 CompletableFuture<String> first = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{try{ Thread.sleep(1000); }catch (Exception e){} return "hello world"; }); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture // 第二个异步工作 .supplyAsync(() -> "hello siting", executor) // data -> System.out.println(data) 是第三个工作 .applyToEitherAsync(first, data -> {System.out.println(data); return "OK"; } , executor); System.out.println(future); executor.shutdown(); -------- 输入后果 -------- hello siting OK
5 解决工作后果或者异样
exceptionally- 解决异样
public CompletableFuture<T> exceptionally(Function<Throwable, ? extends T> fn)
- 如果之前的解决环节有异样问题,则会触发 exceptionally 的调用相当于 try…catch
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Integer> first = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {if (true) {throw new RuntimeException("main error!"); } return "hello world"; }) .thenApply(data -> 1) .exceptionally(e -> {e.printStackTrace(); // 异样捕获解决,后面两个解决环节的日常都能捕捉 return 0; });
handle- 工作实现或者异样时运行 fn,返回值为 fn 的返回
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相比 exceptionally 而言,即可解决上一环节的异样也能够解决其失常返回值
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handle(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn, Executor executor)
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Integer> first = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {if (true) {throw new RuntimeException("main error!"); } return "hello world"; }) .thenApply(data -> 1) .handleAsync((data,e) -> {e.printStackTrace(); // 异样捕获解决 return data; }); System.out.println(first.join()); -------- 输入后果 -------- java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: main error! ... 5 more null
whenComplete- 工作实现或者异样时运行 action,有返回值
- whenComplete 与 handle 的区别在于,它不参加返回后果的解决,把它当成监听器即可
- 即便异样被解决,在 CompletableFuture 外层,异样也会再次复现
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应用 whenCompleteAsync 时,返回后果则须要思考多线程操作问题,毕竟会呈现两个线程同时操作一个后果
public CompletableFuture<T> whenComplete(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action, Executor executor)
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<AtomicBoolean> first = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {if (true) {throw new RuntimeException("main error!"); } return "hello world"; }) .thenApply(data -> new AtomicBoolean(false)) .whenCompleteAsync((data,e) -> { // 异样捕获解决, 然而异样还是会在外层复现 System.out.println(e.getMessage()); }); first.join(); -------- 输入后果 -------- java.lang.RuntimeException: main error! Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: main error! ... 5 more
6 多个工作的简略组合
public static CompletableFuture<Void> allOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs)
public static CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs)
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture .allOf(CompletableFuture.completedFuture("A"), CompletableFuture.completedFuture("B")); // 全副工作都须要执行完 future.join(); CompletableFuture<Object> future2 = CompletableFuture .anyOf(CompletableFuture.completedFuture("C"), CompletableFuture.completedFuture("D")); // 其中一个工作行完即可 future2.join();
8 勾销执行线程工作
// mayInterruptIfRunning 无影响;如果工作未实现, 则返回异样
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)
// 工作是否勾销
public boolean isCancelled()
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (Exception e) { } return "hello world"; }) .thenApply(data -> 1); System.out.println("工作勾销前:" + future.isCancelled()); // 如果工作未实现, 则返回异样, 须要对应用 exceptionally,handle 对后果解决 future.cancel(true); System.out.println("工作勾销后:" + future.isCancelled()); future = future.exceptionally(e -> {e.printStackTrace(); return 0; }); System.out.println(future.join()); -------- 输入后果 -------- 工作勾销前:false 工作勾销后:true java.util.concurrent.CancellationException at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.cancel(CompletableFuture.java:2276) at Test.main(Test.java:25) 0
9 工作的获取和实现与否判断
// 工作是否执行实现
public boolean isDone()
// 阻塞期待 获取返回值
public T join()
// 阻塞期待 获取返回值, 区别是 get 须要返回受检异样
public T get()
// 期待阻塞一段时间,并获取返回值
public T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 未实现则返回指定 value
public T getNow(T valueIfAbsent)
// 未实现,应用 value 作为工作执行的后果,工作完结。须要 future.get 获取
public boolean complete(T value)
// 未实现,则是异样调用, 返回异样后果,工作完结
public boolean completeExceptionally(Throwable ex)
// 判断工作是否因产生异样完结的
public boolean isCompletedExceptionally()
// 强制地将返回值设置为 value,无论该之前工作是否实现;相似 complete
public void obtrudeValue(T value)
// 强制地让异样抛出,异样返回,无论该之前工作是否实现;相似 completeExceptionally
public void obtrudeException(Throwable ex)
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应用示例
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> {try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (Exception e) { } return "hello world"; }) .thenApply(data -> 1); System.out.println("工作实现前:" + future.isDone()); future.complete(10); System.out.println("工作实现后:" + future.join()); -------- 输入后果 -------- 工作实现前:false 工作实现后:10