原因
个别公司会有性能测试团队，我的项目上线前须要对页面和接口进行压测，大多数是对接口进行压测，对接口的并发度和耗时进行测评。公司临时没有性能测试的岗位人员，需开发人员对我的项目接口进行自行测试，在理解一番接口压测后，开始了压测工作，压测技能对开发人员还是比拟重要的，一方面能够验证功能设计是否达标，另一方面也是提前检测出性能的性能问题防止线上扩容后，程序性能仍然不能晋升的难堪，还能反向带动开发人员的技术素养。
简述
压测与开发相比，存在很多不同，开发人员上手必定有一些不习惯，明天总结这篇文章，心愿能够帮忙开发人员顺利开展压测工作。
注释
压测工作有专门的文档介绍，能够自行百度，这里会从实战的角度进行讲述。
筹备工作
- 首先须要对压测的我的项目业务流程非常相熟，哪些业务场景是高频的，须要重点关注。
- 接着就要筹备压测环境，搭建 Mysql \ Redis \ Nacos \ Seata \ Sentinel \ Promethues \ Grafana … 部署我的项目
- 最初一步就是依据业务须要编写 Jmeter 脚本。
抉择的业务场景没有相对的规范，能够外部探讨哪些接口须要进行压测，也能够对本人开发的接口进行压测。
开始筹备压测环境，倡议抉择云服务器，抢占式实例真的很便宜，一个小时 2 毛钱，买个 10 台服务器，测试 5 个小时的老本和一份快餐费用差不多。
部署的中间件最好和生产环境保持一致，千万不要应用和生产环境相差太多的版本。
# 部署 Docker
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.13-3.el8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.13-3.el8 containerd.io
cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://i1ntfhil.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {"max-size": "100m"},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
systemctl enable docker && systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker# 部署 Mysql 5.7
yum install -y mysql-server
systemctl enable mysqld && systemctl start mysqld
# yum 装置的 MySQL 一开始是没有 root 明码的 能够进入 MySQL 后再设置
# 输出 mysql 间接登录即可
# 创立 export mysql 用户
create user 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxx';
GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.* TO 'mysql_monitor'@'localhost';
# 批改明码
ALTER USER mysql_monitor@localhost IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxx';
# 创立用户并受权
create user 'test'@'%' identified by 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx';
CREATE DATABASE `my_db`;
grant all privileges on my_db.* to 'test'@'%' with grant option;
# 设置 root 明码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;
# 部署 redis
wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.14.tar.gz
tar -zxvf redis-5.0.14.tar.gz
cd redis-5.0.14/
vim ./redis.conf
make install
./src/redis-server redis.confpromethues 和 grafana 的部署大家能够自行补充，版本抉择比拟随便，与我的项目关联不大，上面是一个 grafana 模板，用了良久挺不错的，有须要的能够拿去尝试。
{
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "-- Grafana --",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"limit": 100,
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"showIn": 0,
"type": "dashboard"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"enable": true,
"expr": "resets(process_uptime_seconds{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}[1m]) > 0",
"iconColor": "rgba(255, 96, 96, 1)",
"name": "Restart Detection",
"showIn": 0,
"step": "1m",
"tagKeys": "restart-tag",
"textFormat": "uptime reset",
"titleFormat": "Restart"
}
]
},
"description": "Dashboard for Micrometer instrumented applications (Java, Spring Boot, Micronaut)",
"editable": true,
"gnetId": 4701,
"graphTooltip": 1,
"id": 4,
"iteration": 1680770549619,
"links": [],
"panels": [
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": null,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 125,
"panels": [],
"repeat": null,
"title": "Quick Facts",
"type": "row"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {"mode": "thresholds"},
"decimals": 1,
"mappings": [
{
"options": {
"match": "null",
"result": {"text": "N/A"}
},
"type": "special"
}
],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 80
}
]
},
"unit": "s"
},
"overrides": []},
"gridPos": {
"h": 3,
"w": 6,
"x": 0,
"y": 1
},
"id": 63,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"options": {
"colorMode": "value",
"graphMode": "none",
"justifyMode": "auto",
"orientation": "horizontal",
"reduceOptions": {
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
"fields": "","values": false
},
"text": {},
"textMode": "auto"
},
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"targets": [
{"expr": "process_uptime_seconds{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "","metric":"",
"refId": "A",
"step": 14400
}
],
"title": "Uptime",
"type": "stat"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {"mode": "thresholds"},
"mappings": [
{
"options": {
"match": "null",
"result": {"text": "N/A"}
},
"type": "special"
}
],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 80
}
]
},
"unit": "dateTimeAsIso"
},
"overrides": []},
"gridPos": {
"h": 3,
"w": 6,
"x": 6,
"y": 1
},
"id": 92,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"options": {
"colorMode": "value",
"graphMode": "none",
"justifyMode": "auto",
"orientation": "horizontal",
"reduceOptions": {
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
"fields": "","values": false
},
"text": {"valueSize": 33},
"textMode": "auto"
},
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"targets": [
{"expr": "process_start_time_seconds{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}*1000",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "","metric":"",
"refId": "A",
"step": 14400
}
],
"title": "Start time",
"type": "stat"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {"mode": "thresholds"},
"decimals": 2,
"mappings": [
{
"options": {
"match": "null",
"result": {"text": "N/A"}
},
"type": "special"
}
],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"value": null
},
{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"value": 70
},
{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"value": 90
}
]
},
"unit": "percent"
},
"overrides": []},
"gridPos": {
"h": 3,
"w": 6,
"x": 12,
"y": 1
},
"id": 65,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"options": {
"colorMode": "value",
"graphMode": "none",
"justifyMode": "auto",
"orientation": "horizontal",
"reduceOptions": {
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
"fields": "","values": false
},
"text": {},
"textMode": "auto"
},
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(jvm_memory_used_bytes{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", area=\"heap\"})*100/sum(jvm_memory_max_bytes{application=\"$application\",instance=\"$instance\", area=\"heap\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "","refId":"A","step": 14400
}
],
"title": "Heap used",
"type": "stat"
},
{
"cacheTimeout": null,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {"mode": "thresholds"},
"decimals": 2,
"mappings": [
{
"options": {
"match": "null",
"result": {"text": "N/A"}
},
"type": "special"
},
{
"options": {
"from": -1e+32,
"result": {"text": "N/A"},
"to": 0
},
"type": "range"
}
],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"value": null
},
{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"value": 70
},
{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"value": 90
}
]
},
"unit": "percent"
},
"overrides": []},
"gridPos": {
"h": 3,
"w": 6,
"x": 18,
"y": 1
},
"id": 75,
"interval": null,
"links": [],
"maxDataPoints": 100,
"options": {
"colorMode": "value",
"graphMode": "none",
"justifyMode": "auto",
"orientation": "horizontal",
"reduceOptions": {
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
"fields": "","values": false
},
"text": {},
"textMode": "auto"
},
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(jvm_memory_used_bytes{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", area=\"nonheap\"})*100/sum(jvm_memory_max_bytes{application=\"$application\",instance=\"$instance\", area=\"nonheap\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "","refId":"A","step": 14400
}
],
"title": "Non-Heap used",
"type": "stat"
},
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": null,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 4
},
"id": 126,
"panels": [],
"repeat": null,
"title": "I/O Overview",
"type": "row"
},
{"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 7,
"w": 6,
"x": 0,
"y": 5
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 111,
"legend": {
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {"alertThreshold": true},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(rate(http_server_requests_seconds_count{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}[1m]))",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "HTTP",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Rate",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []},
"yaxes": [
{
"decimals": null,
"format": "ops",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": "0",
"show": true
},
{
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"aliasColors": {
"HTTP": "#890f02",
"HTTP - 5xx": "#bf1b00"
},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 7,
"w": 6,
"x": 6,
"y": 5
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 112,
"legend": {
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {"alertThreshold": true},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(rate(http_server_requests_seconds_count{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", status=~\"5..\"}[1m]))",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "HTTP - 5xx",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Errors",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []},
"yaxes": [
{
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"format": "ops",
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"min": "0",
"show": true
},
{
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"label": null,
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"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
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"alignLevel": null
}
},
{"aliasColors": {},
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"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fill": 1,
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"gridPos": {
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"x": 12,
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},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 113,
"legend": {
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"lines": true,
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"options": {"alertThreshold": true},
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"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(rate(http_server_requests_seconds_sum{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", status!~\"5..\"}[1m]))/sum(rate(http_server_requests_seconds_count{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", status!~\"5..\"}[1m]))",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "HTTP - AVG",
"refId": "A"
},
{"expr": "max(http_server_requests_seconds_max{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", status!~\"5..\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "HTTP - MAX",
"refId": "B"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Duration",
"tooltip": {
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"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
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"show": true,
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],
"yaxis": {
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},
{"aliasColors": {},
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"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"description": "","fill": 1,"fillGradient": 0,"gridPos": {"h": 7,"w": 6,"x": 18,"y": 5},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 119,
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"seriesOverrides": [],
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"stack": false,
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"targets": [
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{"expr": "tomcat_threads_current_threads{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
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"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "TOMCAT - CUR",
"refId": "B"
},
{"expr": "tomcat_threads_config_max_threads{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "TOMCAT - MAX",
"refId": "C"
},
{"expr": "jetty_threads_busy{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "JETTY - BSY",
"refId": "D"
},
{"expr": "jetty_threads_current{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "JETTY - CUR",
"refId": "E"
},
{"expr": "jetty_threads_config_max{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": false,
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "JETTY - MAX",
"refId": "F"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Utilisation",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []},
"yaxes": [
{
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"label": null,
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"max": null,
"min": "0",
"show": true
},
{
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"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": null,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 12
},
"id": 127,
"panels": [],
"repeat": null,
"title": "JVM Memory",
"type": "row"
},
{"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"editable": true,
"error": false,
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"grid": {
"leftLogBase": 1,
"leftMax": null,
"leftMin": null,
"rightLogBase": 1,
"rightMax": null,
"rightMin": null
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 7,
"w": 6,
"x": 0,
"y": 13
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 24,
"legend": {
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": true,
"min": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {"alertThreshold": true},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "8.0.3",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{"expr": "sum(jvm_memory_used_bytes{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", area=\"heap\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "used",
"metric": "","refId":"A","step": 2400
},
{"expr": "sum(jvm_memory_committed_bytes{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", area=\"heap\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "committed",
"refId": "B",
"step": 2400
},
{"expr": "sum(jvm_memory_max_bytes{application=\"$application\", instance=\"$instance\", area=\"heap\"})",
"format": "time_series",
"intervalFactor": 2,
"legendFormat": "max",
"refId": "C",
"step": 2400
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "JVM Heap",
"tooltip": {
"msResolution": false,
"shared": true,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "cumulative"
},
"type": "graph",
"x-axis": true,
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []},
"y-axis": true,
"y_formats": [
"mbytes",
"short"
],
"yaxes": [
{
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"label": null,
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"show": true
},
{
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Nacos Sentinel Seata 能够应用我的项目原有的基础设施。
开始压测
- 针对次要接口的申请放入 Jmeter 脚本中
- 零碎大多数接口都是基于登录用户，用户 Token 问题能够在后盾生成所有用户的 Token，放入一个文件中，在 Jmeter 中读取文件，设置一个循环器，循环取出文件中的 Token，在申请中设置申请头，寄存 Token，这样能够遍历用户申请接口。
- 倡议应用非界面的模式运行 Jmeter
- 如需更大的并发量，能够应用分布式形式部署 Jmeter
- 个别会先依照单并发的模式压测系统，再逐步调整并发度对接口测试。
报告剖析
- 聚合报告中的最大响应工夫和均匀响应工夫须要重点关注，个别接口有并发问题，随着并发度的逐步回升，最大响应工夫就会高的离谱，千万不要感到诧异，呈现并发问题后，申请响应能够有限增长。
- 除了聚合报告还要关注服务器的负载和网络带宽，另外留神中间件和应用服务器的负载是否平衡，比方应用服务器 cpu 负载 100%，Mysql 服务器的 CPU 负载基本没有稳定，那么就能够证实利用性能逻辑呈现问题，或者就是应用了缓存。
- 对于接口响应超过 1 秒的申请就属于并发问题了，要不就是利用呈现不明报错，这时候就能够断定性能有性能问题。
- 性能良好的接口，随着并发量的回升不 CPU 负载和其余中间件的负载会比拟均衡，比方应用服务器 CPU 100%，中间件的负载也会很高，这就是属于压力传递的状况，能够认为是失常景象。
总结
压测倡议:
- 不要适度优化和过早优化，业务性能的实现才是工作的重点。
- 甄别接口的申请频繁度，进行优化时，能够将接口应用的频繁水平作为是否优化的必要因素，避免出现没啥申请的接口也进行了优化，优化毕竟也须要老本，另外也会减少接口的复杂度，索引优化也不是做的越多越好。
- 优化前后必须有性能测试的数据撑持，避免出现优化不起作用的问题，所有改变必须通过测试能力上线，像优化这类改变，必须通过性能测试环节能力上线。
压测工作其实也没那么难以了解，做过几遍后感觉压测是真是一件有意思的事件，压测后果的剖析能够发现一些编码是发现不到的问题，每次压测都会有不一样的体验，喜爱压测工作的小伙伴能够留言议论。