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关于harmonyos:36HarmonyOS鸿蒙开发组件Checkbox

3.6【HarmonyOS 鸿蒙开发】组件 Checkbox

作者:韩茹

公司:程序咖(北京)科技有限公司

鸿蒙巴士专栏作家

Checkbox 能够实现选中和勾销选中的性能。

一、反对的 XML 属性

Checkbox 的共有 XML 属性继承自:Text

Checkbox 的自有 XML 属性见下表:

属性名称 中文形容 取值 取值阐明 应用案例
marked 以后状态(选中或勾销选中) boolean 类型 能够间接设置 true/false,也能够援用 boolean 资源。 ohos:marked=”true”
ohos:marked=”$boolean:true”
text_color_on 处于选中状态的文本色彩 color 类型 能够间接设置色值,也能够援用 color 资源。 ohos:text_color_on=”#FFFFFFFF”
ohos:text_color_on=”$color:black”
text_color_off 处于未选中状态的文本色彩 color 类型 能够间接设置色值,也能够援用 color 资源。 ohos:text_color_off=”#FFFFFFFF”
ohos:text_color_off=”$color:black”
check_element 状态标记款式 Element 类型 可间接配置色值,也可援用 color 资源或援用 media/graphic 下的图片资源。 ohos:check_element=”#000000″
ohos:check_element=”$color:black”
ohos:check_element=”$media:media_src”
ohos:check_element=”$graphic:graphic_src”

二、创立 Checkbox

在 layout 目录下的 xml 文件中创立一个 Checkbox。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:padding="20vp"
    ohos:background_element="#33ff0000"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="我是一个复选框"
        ohos:text_size="20fp" />


</DirectionalLayout>

成果:

<img src=”https://img.chengxuka.com/checkboxyunxing1.gif” alt=”checkboxyunxing1″ style=”zoom:50%;” />

三、设置 Checkbox

1、在 XML 中配置 Checkbox 的选中和勾销选中的状态标记款式。

layout 目录下 XML 文件的示例代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:padding="20vp"
    ohos:background_element="#33ff0000"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="我是一个复选框"
        ohos:text_size="20fp" />
    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="我是一个🐷"
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        ohos:check_element="$graphic:checkbox_check_element"
        ohos:text_size="20fp" />

</DirectionalLayout>

graphic 目录下创立 checkbox_check_element.xml、background_checkbox_checked.xml 和 background_checkbox_empty.xml 三个文件。

checkbox_check_element.xml 示例代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<state-container xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos">
    <item ohos:state="component_state_checked" ohos:element="$graphic:background_checkbox_checked"/>
    <item ohos:state="component_state_empty" ohos:element="$graphic:background_checkbox_empty"/>
</state-container>

background_checkbox_checked.xml 示例代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#FF0000"/>
</shape>
<!-- 选中了是红色,形态是方块 -->

background_checkbox_empty.xml 示例代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#FFFFFF"/>
</shape>
<!-- 未选中是红色,形态是方块 -->

在 XML 中配置选中和勾销选中状态成果:

<img src=”https://img.chengxuka.com/checkboxyunxing2.gif” alt=”checkboxyunxing2″ style=”zoom:70%;” />

2、设置 Checkbox 的文字在选中和勾销选中时的色彩。

<Checkbox
    ...
    ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
    ohos:text_color_off="#000000" />

设置 Checkbox 文字色彩的成果:

<img src=”https://img.chengxuka.com/checkboxyunxing3.gif” alt=”checkboxyunxing3″ style=”zoom:70%;” />

3、设置 Checkbox 的选中状态。

Java 代码中:

checkbox.setChecked(true);

4、设置不同状态之间的切换:如果以后为选中状态,那么将变为未选中;如果以后是未选中状态,将变为选中状态。

Java 代码中:

checkbox.toggle();

5、设置响应 Checkbox 状态变更的事件。

// state 示意是否被选中
checkbox.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state) -> {
    // 状态扭转的逻辑
    ...
});

四、写个例子

<img src=”https://img.chengxuka.com/checkboxyunxing4.gif” alt=”checkboxyunxing4″ style=”zoom:50%;” />

1、首先咱们在 layout 目录下新建一个布局文件,demo_checkbox.xml

代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_padding="40vp">

    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:orientation="vertical">

        <Text
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text_size="18fp"
            ohos:text="以下哪些是你的兴趣爱好?"/>

        <Text
            ohos:id="$+id:text_answer"
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text_size="20fp"
            ohos:text_color="#FF0000"
            ohos:text="[]" />
    </DirectionalLayout>

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_1"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="A、游戏"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"/>

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_2"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="B、金钱"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"/>

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_3"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="C、女人"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000" />

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_4"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="D、跑车"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="black" />
</DirectionalLayout>

2、而后咱们批改 MainAbilitySlice.java 中代码,首先批改一下要展现的布局文件:

super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_demo_checkbox);

3、创立一个函数用于设置 Checkbox 的后面小圆点的背景款式:方块,选中红色,未选中彩色。其实也能够通过 xml 中设置 check_element 属性来实现。

        // 设置 Checkbox 的后面小圆点的背景款式:方块,选中红色,未选中彩色。其实也能够通过 xml 中设置 check_element 属性来实现。private StateElement elementButtonInit() {ShapeElement elementButtonOn = new ShapeElement();
        elementButtonOn.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.RED);
        elementButtonOn.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);

        ShapeElement elementButtonOff = new ShapeElement();
        elementButtonOff.setRgbColor(RgbPalette.BLACK);
        elementButtonOff.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);

        StateElement checkElement = new StateElement();
        checkElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_CHECKED}, elementButtonOn);
        checkElement.addState(new int[]{ComponentState.COMPONENT_STATE_EMPTY}, elementButtonOff);

        return checkElement;
    }

4、而后咱们创立一个成员变量:

        // 保留最终选中的后果
    private Set<String> selectedSet = new HashSet<>();

5、再提供一个办法,用于将后果展现到 Text 上。

// 显示后果
    private void showAnswer() {Text answerText = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_answer);
        String answer = selectedSet.toString();
        answerText.setText(answer);
    }

6、而后再创立一个函数,用于初始化 Checkbox。

// 初始化 Checkbox
private void initCheckbox() {Checkbox checkbox1 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_1);
    checkbox1.setButtonElement(elementButtonInit());
    checkbox1.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state) -> {if (state) {selectedSet.add("A");
        } else {selectedSet.remove("A");
        }
        showAnswer();});
    Checkbox checkbox2 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_2);
    checkbox2.setButtonElement(elementButtonInit());
    checkbox2.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state) -> {if (state) {selectedSet.add("B");
        } else {selectedSet.remove("B");
        }
        showAnswer();});
    Checkbox checkbox3 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_3);
    checkbox3.setButtonElement(elementButtonInit());
    checkbox3.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state) -> {if (state) {selectedSet.add("C");
        } else {selectedSet.remove("C");
        }
        showAnswer();});
    Checkbox checkbox4 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_4);
    checkbox4.setButtonElement(elementButtonInit());
    checkbox4.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state) -> {if (state) {selectedSet.add("D");
        } else {selectedSet.remove("D");
        }
        showAnswer();// 展现后果});
}

7、最初在 onStart() 办法中,调用该办法:

        @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_demo_checkbox);
        initCheckbox();}

运行即可。

五、全选反选全不选

咱们再来实现一下全选,全不选和反选。

<img src=”https://img.chengxuka.com/checkboxyunxing5.gif” alt=”checkboxyunxing5″ style=”zoom:50%;” />

1、首先在 layout 目录下新建一个 xml 布局文件,demo2_checkbox.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    ohos:background_element="#eeeeee"
    ohos:left_padding="10vp"
    ohos:right_padding="10vp"
    >


    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_1"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="A、吃饭"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"/>

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_2"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="B、睡觉"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"/>

    <Checkbox
        ohos:id="$+id:check_box_3"
        ohos:top_margin="40vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="C、打豆豆"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color_on="#FF0000"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000" />


    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            ohos:id="$+id:btn1"
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="全选"
            ohos:text_size="20fp"
            ohos:left_padding="20vp"
            ohos:right_padding="20vp"
            ohos:top_padding="10vp"
            ohos:bottom_padding="10vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:capsule_button_element"
            ohos:margin="10vp"
            />
        <Button
            ohos:id="$+id:btn2"
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="全不选"
            ohos:text_size="20fp"
            ohos:left_padding="20vp"
            ohos:right_padding="20vp"
            ohos:top_padding="10vp"
            ohos:bottom_padding="10vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:capsule_button_element"
            ohos:margin="10vp"
            />
        <Button
            ohos:id="$+id:btn3"
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="反选"
            ohos:text_size="20fp"
            ohos:left_padding="20vp"
            ohos:right_padding="20vp"
            ohos:top_padding="10vp"
            ohos:bottom_padding="10vp"
            ohos:margin="10vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:capsule_button_element"
            />

    </DirectionalLayout>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_answer"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color="#FF0000"
        ohos:text="[]" />
</DirectionalLayout>

2、因为这里咱们用了胶囊按钮,所以要在 graphic 目录下创立按钮的背景文件,capsule_button_element.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners
        ohos:radius="100"/>
    <solid
        ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

3、因为咱们是和刚刚上一个例子写在一个我的项目下的,咱们在 slice 目录下新建一个 Slice 文件:SecondAbilitySlice.java

/**
 * 思路:*
 * 1. 先在 xml 布局文件中,增加复选框标签控件
 *
 * 2. 在对应 AbilitySlice 中,通过 findViewById(), 找到复选框对象
 *
 * 3. 为复选框对象,增加监听
 *
 * 4. 操作按钮:当按钮被点击,全选,反选,全不选。*/

示例代码:

package com.example.hanrucheckbox.slice;

import com.example.hanrucheckbox.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.*;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 思路:*
 * 1. 先在 xml 布局文件中,增加复选框标签控件
 *
 * 2. 在对应 AbilitySlice 中,通过 findViewById(), 找到复选框对象
 *
 * 3. 为复选框对象,增加监听
 *
 * 4. 操作按钮:当按钮被点击,全选,反选,全不选。*/
public class SecondAbilitySlice  extends  AbilitySlice{
    // 保留最终选中的后果
    private Set<String> selectedSet = new HashSet<>();
    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_demo2_checkbox);

        //1. 获取 checkbox 对象
        Checkbox checkbox1 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_1);
        Checkbox checkbox2 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_2);
        Checkbox checkbox3 = (Checkbox) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_check_box_3);
        // 为 checkbox 增加监听
        checkbox1.setCheckedStateChangedListener(new AbsButton.CheckedStateChangedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(AbsButton absButton, boolean b) {if (b) {selectedSet.add("A");
                } else {selectedSet.remove("A");
                }
                showAnswer();}
        });
        // 或者应用 lambda 表达式
        checkbox2.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state)->{if (state) {selectedSet.add("B");
            } else {selectedSet.remove("B");
            }
            showAnswer();});
        checkbox3.setCheckedStateChangedListener((component, state)->{if (state) {selectedSet.add("C");
            } else {selectedSet.remove("C");
            }
            showAnswer();});


        //2. 获取 button 对象
        Button btn1 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn1);
        Button btn2 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn2);
        Button btn3 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn3);
        // 为按钮增加点击事件
        btn1.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                // 全选
                checkbox1.setChecked(true);
                checkbox2.setChecked(true);
                checkbox3.setChecked(true);
                selectedSet.add("A");
                selectedSet.add("B");
                selectedSet.add("C");
                showAnswer();}
        });

        btn2.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                // 全不选
                checkbox1.setChecked(false);
                checkbox2.setChecked(false);
                checkbox3.setChecked(false);
                selectedSet.remove("A");
                selectedSet.remove("B");
                selectedSet.remove("C");
                showAnswer();}
        });

        btn3.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                // 反选
                checkbox1.toggle();// 切换复选框状态
                checkbox2.toggle();
                checkbox3.toggle();
                // 先清空 selectedSet
                selectedSet.clear();
                // 而后判断哪个复选框被选中了
                if(checkbox1.isChecked()){selectedSet.add("A");
                }
                if(checkbox2.isChecked()){selectedSet.add("B");
                }
                if(checkbox3.isChecked()){selectedSet.add("C");
                }
                showAnswer();}
        });
    }

    // 显示后果
    private void showAnswer() {Text answerText = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_answer);
        String answer = selectedSet.toString();
        answerText.setText(answer);
    }
}

更多内容:

1、社区:鸿蒙巴士 https://www.harmonybus.net/

2、公众号:HarmonyBus

3、技术交换 QQ 群:714518656

4、视频课:https://www.chengxuka.com

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