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关于go:急如闪电快如风彩虹女神跃长空Go语言高性能Web框架Iris项目实战初始化项目ep00

jiezi

在 Golang Web 编程的世界里，君不言高性能则已，言高性能必称 Iris。彩虹女神的名号响彻寰宇、名动江湖，单论一个快字，无人能出其右，就连以简洁轻量著称于世的 Gin 也难以望其项背，只见彩虹女神 Iris 回眸一笑撩人心扉：“尽管你们也不是那么慢，但我还是快那么一点点 ……”，本次就让咱们来一睹彩虹女神 Iris 的芳颜，感触宇宙最快 Web 框架的神乎其神。

女神本神 (Iris)

抉择一款框架有诸多的参考层面，比方灵活性、扩展性、API 敌对水平、文档具体水平、我的项目活跃度、社区奉献等等，然而性能和内存占用相对是优先参考的一个重要层面，原因无他，天下文治，唯快不破，正所谓一快遮百丑，经济上行，降本增效的大背景之下，高性能框架无疑占据极大的劣势，说白了，老本相仿的前提下，我单位工夫内网络申请吞吐量是你的一倍，还没使劲，你就倒下了，你怎么跟我打？游戏还没开始，就曾经完结了。

空口白牙，不足为据，参见 2022 年最新申请吞吐量比照图：

事实上，Iris 实质上也是社区驱动的 Go 语言 Web 框架，反对 http2/3，齐备的 MVC 反对，奉行极简主义格调，轻量化与扼要格调比起 Gin 来说，也不遑多让，与此同时，社区活跃度和文档反对都十分到位，但其领有的极其恐怖的高性能个性，其余框架则是可望不可即。在 Iris 身上，咱们能够看到她对性能的近乎于偏执的完满谋求，Iris 为了优化性能，不惜本人开发和集成最快的组件，比方日志记录内置了 golog 模块，比方 json 序列化就抉择了第三方库 jsoniter，从框架设计的态度上，极尽完满之能事。

建设我的项目 IrisBlog

参照 Iris 官网文档：https://github.com/kataras/ir…\_ZH.md，咱们借助彩虹女神 Iris 的垂爱，打造一款史上最快的在线博客零碎，首先建设文件夹 IrisBlog:

mkdir IrisBlog
cd IrisBlog

随后通过 go mod 命令初始化我的项目：

C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>go mod init IrisBlog  
go: creating new go.mod: module IrisBlog

对于 go mod 不熟的敌人，请移玉步至层次分明井然有条,Go lang1.18 入门精炼教程，由白丁入鸿儒，Go lang 包管理机制 (package)EP10，对于 go mod 的应用，这里不再赘述。

接着，因为诸位能够了解的起因，请确保应用国内的装置源：

go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

随后装置彩虹女神 Iris：

go get -u github.com/kataras/iris

零碎返回：

  
C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>go get -u github.com/kataras/iris  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2  
go: downloading github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/golog v0.0.18  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.8  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5  
go: downloading github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.1  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10  
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4  
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1  
go: downloading github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20181106222321-ec9c9a553398  
go: downloading github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0  
go: downloading github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.1-0.20200619015827-c3da72aa01ed  
go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.2  
go: downloading github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4  
go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6  
go: downloading github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.10  
go: downloading github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06  
go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.10.10  
go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9  
go: downloading github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.3  
go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.0.0-beta.1  
go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200707034311-ab3426394381  
go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.5.2  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack v4.0.4+incompatible  
go: downloading github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5  
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.3  
go: downloading golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20200630173020-3af7569d3a1e  
go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0  
go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.6.0  
go: downloading google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0  
go: downloading golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9  
go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234  
go: downloading google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1  
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.7  
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200728195943-123391ffb6de  
go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200808120158-1030fc2bf1d9  
go: downloading github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible  
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa  
go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab  
go: downloading gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.57.0  
go: downloading gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0  
go: downloading github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.0+incompatible  
go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0  
go: downloading github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible  
go: downloading github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385  
go: downloading github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible  
go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4  
go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/jet v2.1.2+incompatible  
go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.2  
go: downloading github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5  
go: downloading github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6  
go: downloading github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v0.0.0-20180701023420-4b7aa43c6742  
go: downloading github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0  
go: downloading github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.1  
go: downloading google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.5  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2  
go: downloading github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0  
go: downloading google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7  
go: downloading github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2-0.20200519141726-cb32006e483f  
go: downloading github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0  
go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53  
go: downloading github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0  
go: downloading github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0  
go: downloading github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0  
go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1  
go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2  
go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0  
go: added github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0  
go: added github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53  
go: added github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0  
go: added github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06  
go: added github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4  
go: added github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0  
go: added github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible  
go: added github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0  
go: added github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385  
go: added github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0  
go: added github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2  
go: added github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0  
go: added github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0  
go: added github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4  
go: added github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1  
go: added github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6  
go: added github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12  
go: added github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6  
go: added github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7  
go: added github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2  
go: added github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10  
go: added github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5  
go: added github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4  
go: added github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9  
go: added github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19  
go: added github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd  
go: added github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2  
go: added github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0  
go: added github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible  
go: added github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible  
go: added github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0  
go: added github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0  
go: added github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5  
go: added github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2  
go: added github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0  
go: added github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5  
go: added golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa  
go: added golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234  
go: added golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab  
go: added golang.org/x/text v0.3.7  
go: added golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9  
go: added google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7  
go: added google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1  
go: added gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0  
go: added gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1

装置结束之后，能够关上我的项目中 go.mod 文件查看 Iris 的依赖列表：



module IrisBlog  
  
go 1.18  
  
require (  
    github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 // indirect  
    github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53 // indirect  
    github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0 // indirect  
    github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v6 v6.1.0 // indirect  
    github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06 // indirect  
    github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 // indirect  
    github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect  
    github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible // indirect  
    github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect  
    github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385 // indirect  
    github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0 // indirect  
    github.com/flosch/pongo2/v4 v4.0.2 // indirect  
    github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect  
    github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect  
    github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect  
    github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0 // indirect  
    github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4 // indirect  
    github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1 // indirect  
    github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6 // indirect  
    github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect  
    github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/iris/v12 v12.2.0-beta4.0.20220813060700-f91269130ed3 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5 // indirect  
    github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4 // indirect  
    github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9 // indirect  
    github.com/mailgun/raymond/v2 v2.0.46 // indirect  
    github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect  
    github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19 // indirect  
    github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect  
    github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect  
    github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect  
    github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible // indirect  
    github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible // indirect  
    github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect  
    github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect  
    github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 v2.12.0 // indirect  
    github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2 v2.6.1 // indirect  
    github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect  
    github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5 // indirect  
    github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2 // indirect  
    github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect  
    github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5 // indirect  
    golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa // indirect  
    golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234 // indirect  
    golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab // indirect  
    golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect  
    golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9 // indirect  
    google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect  
    google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect  
    gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect  
    gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect  
)

接着在我的项目的根目录建设 main 入口文件：

package main  
  
import "github.com/kataras/iris/v12"  
  
func main() {app := iris.New()  
  app.Use(iris.Compression)  
  
  app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) {ctx.HTML("你好 <strong>%s</strong>!", "女神")  
  })  
  
  app.Listen(":5000")  
}

随后在终端启动 Iris 服务：

go run main.go

零碎返回：

Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4  
  
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000  
Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.

还等什么？拜访 http://localhost:5000

万唤千呼始进去。

应用快捷键 control+ C 能够终止服务，随后能够再次运行 go run main.go 来从新编译启动服务。

Iris 我的项目热重启机制:fresh

家喻户晓，因为 Go lang 是编译型语言，每次批改代码之后都须要从新编译，Iris 目前没有内置代码热更新的工具，这里咱们能够应用三方包：fresh，如此，能够大幅提高咱们的 Iris 开发效率，在非我的项目目录执行命令：

go get github.com/pilu/fresh

留神，这里肯定不能在我的项目的目录中执行装置命令，因为 go mod 模式会认为是我的项目依赖包，而不会在以后零碎的 bin 目录下生成可执行命令 fresh。

随后进入我的项目目录：

cd IrisBlog

应用 fresh 命令启动 Iris 服务：

C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>fresh  
0:19:33 runner      | InitFolders  
0:19:33 runner      | mkdir ./tmp  
0:19:33 watcher     | Watching .  
0:19:33 main        | Waiting (loop 1)...  
0:19:33 main        | receiving first event /  
0:19:33 main        | sleeping for 600 milliseconds  
0:19:33 main        | flushing events  
0:19:33 main        | Started! (5 Goroutines)  
0:19:33 main        | remove tmp\runner-build-errors.log: The system cannot find the file specified.  
0:19:33 build       | Building...  
0:19:44 runner      | Running...  
0:19:45 main        | --------------------  
0:19:45 main        | Waiting (loop 2)...  
0:19:46 app         | Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4  
0:19:46 app         |  
0:19:46 app         | Now listening on: http://localhost:5000  
Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.

此时，我的项目内所有包文件都会被监控，当代码被批改后，会主动触发编译动作，原理大略相当于 Python 中 Tornado 框架的事件循环机制。

当咱们批改代码之后，fresh 会监控到批改动作，而后立即 build:

Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.  
0:28:02 watcher     | sending event ".\\main.go": MODIFY  
0:28:02 watcher     | sending event ".\\main.go": MODIFY  
0:28:02 main        | receiving first event ".\\main.go": MODIFY  
0:28:02 main        | sleeping for 600 milliseconds  
0:28:02 main        | flushing events  
0:28:02 main        | receiving event ".\\main.go": MODIFY  
0:28:02 main        | Started! (8 Goroutines)  
0:28:02 main        | remove tmp\runner-build-errors.log: The system cannot find the file specified.  
0:28:02 build       | Building...  
0:28:10 runner      | Running...  
0:28:10 runner      | Killing PID 11276  
0:28:11 main        | --------------------  
0:28:11 main        | Waiting (loop 3)...  
0:28:12 app         | Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4  
0:28:12 app         |  
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000  
Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.

如此，就不须要手动触发代码的编译了，简略不便。

如果有定制化需要，能够为以后我的项目增加配置文件 runner.conf:

root:              .  
tmp_path:          ./fresh  
build_name:        runner_build  
build_log:         runner_build_errors.log  
valid_ext:         .go, .tpl, .tmpl, .html, .md, .log  
no_rebuild_ext:    .tpl, .tmpl, .html  
ignored:           assets, tmp, log  
build_delay:       3000  
colors:            1  
log_color_main:    cyan  
log_color_build:   yellow  
log_color_runner:  green  
log_color_watcher: magenta  
log_color_app:     red

能够定制化诸如监听的文件、编译日志、疏忽文件和目录，编译提早等等操作。

批改定制化配置文件后，针对配置文件启动 fresh 服务：

fresh -c runner.conf

如此，fresh 服务会依据配置文件来进行监听编译动作。

结语

最低的系统资源开销，最高的单位工夫网络申请吞吐量，这是彩虹女神 Iris 对开发者们最好的馈赠，当咱们装置好 Iris 并且配置好热重启机制时，咱们也就走下了 Go 语言 web 开发万里长征的第一步，山高路远，城高池深，尽管前路艰险，但就算是鲁莽地开始，高明地实现，也好过眼高手低而不去做，你批准吗？

退出移动版