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关于flutter:Flutter-混合开发与原生通信MethodChannel

jiezi

Flutter 混合开发系列 蕴含如下：

  • 嵌入原生 View-Android
  • 嵌入原生 View-iOS
  • 与原生通信 -MethodChannel
  • 与原生通信 -BasicMessageChannel
  • 与原生通信 -EventChannel
  • 增加 Flutter 到 Android Activity
  • 增加 Flutter 到 Android Fragment
  • 增加 Flutter 到 iOS

每个工作日分享一篇，欢送关注、点赞及转发。

平台通信的 3 中形式

Flutter 与 Native 端通信有如下 3 个办法：

  • MethodChannel：Flutter 与 Native 端互相调用，调用后能够返回后果，能够 Native 端被动调用，也能够 Flutter 被动调用，属于双向通信。此形式为最罕用的形式，Native 端调用须要在主线程中执行。
  • BasicMessageChannel：用于应用指定的编解码器对音讯进行编码和解码，属于双向通信，能够 Native 端被动调用，也能够 Flutter 被动调用。
  • EventChannel：用于数据流（event streams）的通信，Native 端被动发送数据给 Flutter，通常用于状态的监听，比方网络变动、传感器数据等。

通信架构图

此图为官网的架构图

Flutter 与 Native 端通信是异步的。

通信与平台线程

Native 端被动发送数据给 Flutter 时，Native 端代码须要在主线程中执行，Android 端从子线程跳转到主线程形式：

Kotlin 代码：

Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {}

Java 代码：

new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
  @Override
  public void run() {}
});

如果能够获取到以后 Activity，也能够应用如下形式：

activity.runOnUiThread {}

iOS 端从子线程跳转到主线程形式：

Objective-C 代码：

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{});

Swift 代码：

DispatchQueue.main.async {}

MethodChannel

Flutter 端

Flutter 端创立 MethodChannel 通道，用于与原生端通信：

var channel = MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel');

com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel 是 MethodChannel 的名称，原生端要与之对应。

发送音讯：

var result = await channel.invokeMethod('sendData',{'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18})
  • 第一个参数示意method，办法名称，原生端会解析此参数。
  • 第二个参数示意参数，类型任意，多个参数通常应用Map。
  • 返回 Future，原生端返回的数据。

残缺代码：

class MethodChannelDemo extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MethodChannelDemoState createState() => _MethodChannelDemoState();
}

class _MethodChannelDemoState extends State<MethodChannelDemo> {var channel = MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel');

  var _data;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          SizedBox(height: 50,),
          RaisedButton(child: Text('发送数据到原生'),
            onPressed: () async {
              var result = await channel
                  .invokeMethod('sendData', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
              var name = result['name'];
              var age = result['age'];
              setState(() {_data = '$name,$age';});
            },
          ),
          Text('原生返回数据：$_data')
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

Android 端

android 下创立 MethodChannelDemo：

package com.flutter.guide

import io.flutter.plugin.common.BinaryMessenger
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodCall
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel

/**
 * des:
 */
class MethodChannelDemo(messenger: BinaryMessenger): MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler {

    private var channel: MethodChannel

    init {channel = MethodChannel(messenger, "com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel")
        channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
    }

    override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {}}

onMethodCall 办法在 Flutter 端调用 invokeMethod 办法回调，解析办法如下：

override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {if (call.method == "sendData") {val name = call.argument("name") as String?
        val age = call.argument("age") as Int?

        var map = mapOf("name" to "hello,$name",
                "age" to "$age"
        )
        result.success(map)
    }
}
  • call.method 字符串就是 invokeMethod 办法传入的 method。
  • call.argument 是 invokeMethod 传入的参数，因为 Flutter 端传入的是 Map，所以下面的解析依照 Map 解析。
  • result.success() 是返回给 Flutter 的后果。

Flutter 端解析：

var result = await channel
    .invokeMethod('sendData', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
var name = result['name'];
var age = result['age'];

两端的解析要互相对应。

在 MainActivity 启动：

class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
        MethodChannelDemo(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
    }
}

iOS 端

ios 下创立 MethodChannelDemo，按如下形式：

import Flutter
import UIKit

public class MethodChannelDemo {init(messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger) {let channel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel", binaryMessenger: messenger)
        channel.setMethodCallHandler {(call:FlutterMethodCall, result:@escaping FlutterResult) in
            if (call.method == "sendData") {
                if let dict = call.arguments as? Dictionary<String, Any> {let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    result(["name":"hello,\(name)","age":age])
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

在 AppDelegate 启动：

import UIKit
import Flutter

@UIApplicationMain
@objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
  override func application(
    _ application: UIApplication,
    didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?
  ) -> Bool {
    
    let controller : FlutterViewController = window?.rootViewController as! FlutterViewController
    MethodChannelDemo(messenger: controller.binaryMessenger)
    GeneratedPluginRegistrant.register(with: self)
    
    return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions)
  }
}

原生端被动发送音讯给 Flutter

Flutter 端接收数据
@override
void initState() {super.initState();
  channel.setMethodCallHandler((call) {setState(() {_nativeData = call.arguments['count'];
    });
  });
}
Android 发送数据

原生端启动定时器，每隔一秒向 Flutter 发送数据，Android 端代码：

class MethodChannelDemo(var activity: Activity, messenger: BinaryMessenger) : MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler {

    private var channel: MethodChannel
    private var count = 0

    init {channel = MethodChannel(messenger, "com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel")
        channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
        startTimer()}


    fun startTimer() {var timer = Timer().schedule(timerTask {
            activity.runOnUiThread {var map = mapOf("count" to count++)
                channel.invokeMethod("timer", map)
            }
        }, 0, 1000)

    }

    override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {if (call.method == "sendData") {val name = call.argument("name") as String?
            val age = call.argument("age") as Int?

            var map = mapOf("name" to "hello,$name",
                    "age" to "$age"
            )
            result.success(map)
        }
    }
}

留神：Android 端发送数据要在 主现场 中调用，即：

activity.runOnUiThread {var map = mapOf("count" to count++)
             channel.invokeMethod("timer", map)
         }

启动批改如下：

class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
        MethodChannelDemo(this,flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
        flutterEngine.plugins.add(MyPlugin())
    }
}

iOS 发送数据

iOS 端启动定时器代码如下：

import Flutter
import UIKit

public class MethodChannelDemo {
    var count =  0
    var channel:FlutterMethodChannel
    init(messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger) {channel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.MethodChannel", binaryMessenger: messenger)
        channel.setMethodCallHandler {(call:FlutterMethodCall, result:@escaping FlutterResult) in
            if (call.method == "sendData") {
                if let dict = call.arguments as? Dictionary<String, Any> {let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    result(["name":"hello,\(name)","age":age])
                }
            }
        }
        startTimer()}
    
    func startTimer() {var timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval:1, target: self, selector:#selector(self.tickDown),userInfo:nil,repeats: true)
    }
    @objc func tickDown(){
        count += 1
        var args = ["count":count]
        channel.invokeMethod("timer", arguments:args)
    }
}

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