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关于docker:学习docker看此文足以

什么是 Docker

Docker 最后是 dotCloud 公司创始人  在法国期间发动的一个公司外部我的项目,它是基于 dotCloud 公司多年云服务技术的一次变革,并于,次要我的项目代码在  上进行保护。Docker 我的项目起初还退出了 Linux 基金会,并成立推动。

Docker 自开源后受到宽泛的关注和探讨,至今其  曾经超过 5 万 7 千个星标和一万多个 fork。甚至因为 Docker 我的项目的火爆,在 2013 年底,。Docker 最后是在 Ubuntu 12.04 上开发实现的;Red Hat 则从 RHEL 6.5 开始对 Docker 进行反对;Google 也在其 PaaS 产品中广泛应用 Docker。

为什么要用 Docker

作为一种新兴的虚拟化形式,Docker 跟传统的虚拟化形式相比具备泛滥的劣势。

更高效的利用系统资源

因为容器不须要进行硬件虚构以及运行残缺操作系统等额定开销,Docker 对系统资源的利用率更高。无论是利用执行速度、内存损耗或者文件存储速度,都要比传统虚拟机技术更高效。因而,相比虚拟机技术,一个雷同配置的主机,往往能够运行更多数量的利用。

更疾速的启动工夫

传统的虚拟机技术启动应用服务往往须要数分钟,而 Docker 容器利用,因为间接运行于宿主内核,无需启动残缺的操作系统,因而能够做到秒级、甚至毫秒级的启动工夫。大大的节约了开发、测试、部署的工夫。

统一的运行环境

开发过程中一个常见的问题是环境一致性问题。因为开发环境、测试环境、生产环境不统一,导致有些 bug 并未在开发过程中被发现。而 Docker 的镜像提供了除内核外残缺的运行时环境,确保了利用运行环境一致性,从而不会再呈现「这段代码在我机器上没问题啊」这类问题。

继续交付和部署

对开发和运维()人员来说,最心愿的就是一次创立或配置,能够在任意中央失常运行。

应用 Docker 能够通过定制利用镜像来实现继续集成、继续交付、部署。开发人员能够通过  来进行镜像构建,并联合  零碎进行集成测试,而运维人员则能够间接在生产环境中疾速部署该镜像,甚至联合  零碎进行主动部署。

而且应用  使镜像构建透明化,不仅仅开发团队能够了解利用运行环境,也不便运维团队了解利用运行所需条件,帮忙更好的生产环境中部署该镜像。

更轻松的迁徙

因为 Docker 确保了执行环境的一致性,使得利用的迁徙更加容易。Docker 能够在很多平台上运行,无论是物理机、虚拟机、私有云、公有云,甚至是笔记本,其运行后果是统一的。因而用户能够很轻易的将在一个平台上运行的利用,迁徙到另一个平台上,而不必放心运行环境的变动导致利用无奈失常运行的状况。

更轻松的保护和扩大

Docker 应用的分层存储以及镜像的技术,使得利用重复部分的复用更为容易,也使得利用的保护更新更加简略,基于根底镜像进一步扩大镜像也变得非常简单。此外,Docker 团队同各个开源我的项目团队一起保护了一大批高质量的,既能够间接在生产环境应用,又能够作为根底进一步定制,大大的升高了应用服务的镜像制作老本。

docker 一键装置

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

Docker 命令实战

常用命令

根底实战

1、镜像

下载最新版镜像
root@hello:~# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
7d63c13d9b9b: Pull complete 
5cb019b641b5: Pull complete 
d477de77abf8: Pull complete 
c60e7d4c1c30: Pull complete 
365a49996569: Pull complete 
039c6e901970: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:168a6a2be5c65d4aafa7a78ca98ff8b110fe44c6ca41e7ccb4314ed481e32288
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
查看本地镜像
root@hello:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx       latest   e9ce56a96f8e   8 hours ago   141MB
root@hello:~
删除镜像
root@hello:~# docker images

REPOSITORY  TAG    IMAGE ID    CREATED    SIZE

nginx     latest   e9ce56a96f8e  8 hours ago  141MB

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# docker rmi e9ce56a96f8e

Untagged: nginx:latest

Untagged: nginx@sha256:168a6a2be5c65d4aafa7a78ca98ff8b110fe44c6ca41e7ccb4314ed481e32288

Deleted: sha256:e9ce56a96f8e0e9f75051f258a595d1257bd6bb91913b79455ea77e67e686c5c

Deleted: sha256:6e5a463ea9608e4712465e1c575b2932dde96f99fa2c2fc31a5bacbe69c725cb

Deleted: sha256:a12cc243b903b34c8137e57160d206d6c1ee76a1ab6011a1cebdceb8b6ff8768

Deleted: sha256:a562e4589c72b0706526e13eed9c4f037ab5d1f50eb4529b38670abe353248f2

Deleted: sha256:fd67efaafabe1a0b146e9f7d958de79ec8fcec9aa6ee13ca3052b4acd8a3b81a

Deleted: sha256:c3967df88e47f739c3048492985aafaafecd5806de6c6870cbd76997fc0c68b0

Deleted: sha256:e8b689711f21f9301c40bf2131ce1a1905c3aa09def1de5ec43cf0adf652576e

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# docker images

REPOSITORY  TAG    IMAGE ID  CREATED  SIZE

root@hello:~#
下载指定版本镜像
root@hello:~# docker pull nginx:1.20.1
1.20.1: Pulling from library/nginx
b380bbd43752: Pull complete 
83acae5e2daa: Pull complete 
33715b419f9b: Pull complete 
eb08b4d557d8: Pull complete 
74d5bdecd955: Pull complete 
0820d7f25141: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a98c2360dcfe44e9987ed09d59421bb654cb6c4abe50a92ec9c912f252461483
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.20.1
docker.io/library/nginx:1.20.1
root@hello:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        1.20.1    c8d03f6b8b91   5 weeks ago   133MB
root@hello:~#

2、容器

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]【docker run  设置项  镜像名】镜像启动运行的命令(镜像外面默认有的,个别不会写)# -d:后盾运行

# --restart=always: 开机自启

# -p 主机端口:容器端口

root@hello:~# docker run --name=myningx -d --restart=always -p 88:80 nginx 
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
7d63c13d9b9b: Pull complete 
5cb019b641b5: Pull complete 
d477de77abf8: Pull complete 
c60e7d4c1c30: Pull complete 
365a49996569: Pull complete 
039c6e901970: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:168a6a2be5c65d4aafa7a78ca98ff8b110fe44c6ca41e7ccb4314ed481e32288
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
15db0ba492cf2b86714e3e29723d413b97e64cc2ee361d4109f4216b2e0cba60
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# curl -I 127.0.0.1:88
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.4
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2021 02:03:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Tue, 02 Nov 2021 14:49:22 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "61814ff2-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

root@hello:~#
查看以后运行的容器
root@hello:~# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
15db0ba492cf   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   myningx
root@hello:~#
进行容器
root@hello:~# docker stop 15db0ba492cf
15db0ba492cf
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker  ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
root@hello:~#
查看所有容器
root@hello:~# docker  ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
15db0ba492cf   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago             myningx
root@hello:~#
启动容器
root@hello:~# docker start 15db0ba492cf
15db0ba492cf
root@hello:~# docker  ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
15db0ba492cf   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   myningx
root@hello:~#
删除容器,在运行中无奈删除
root@hello:~# docker rm 15db0ba492cf
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 15db0ba492cf2b86714e3e29723d413b97e64cc2ee361d4109f4216b2e0cba60. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
强制删除容器
root@hello:~# docker rm -f 15db0ba492cf
15db0ba492cf
root@hello:~#

3、进入容器操作容器

root@hello:~# docker exec -it b1d72657b /bin/bash
root@b1d72657b272:/# 
root@b1d72657b272:/#

4、批改容器内容

root@hello:~# docker exec -it b1d72657b /bin/bash
root@b1d72657b272:/# echo "123" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 
root@b1d72657b272:/# 
root@b1d72657b272:/# echo "cby" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 

root@hello:~# curl 127.0.0.1:88
123
root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# docker exec -it b1d72657b /bin/bash
root@b1d72657b272:/# echo "cby" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 

root@hello:~# curl 127.0.0.1:88
cby
root@hello:~#

5、挂载内部数据

root@hello:~# docker run --name=myningx -d --restart=always -p 88:80 -v /data/html:/usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx  

e3788cdd7be695fe9a1bebd7306c131d6380da215a416d19c162c609b8f108ae

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# curl 127.0.0.1:88

<html>

<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>

<body>

<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>

<hr><center>nginx/1.21.4</center>

</body>

</html>

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# echo "cby" > /data/html/index.html

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# 

root@hello:~# curl 127.0.0.1:88

cby

root@hello:~#

6、将运行中的容器构建为镜像

root@hello:~# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
e3788cdd7be6   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp, :::88->80/tcp   myningx
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker commit -a "cby" -m "my app" e3788cdd7be6 myapp:v1.0
sha256:07a7b54c914c79dfbd402029a3d144201235eca72a4f26c92e2ec7780c485226
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
myapp        v1.0      07a7b54c914c   4 seconds ago   141MB
nginx        latest    e9ce56a96f8e   8 hours ago     141MB
root@hello:~#

7、镜像保留与导入

root@hello:~# docker save -o cby.tar myapp:v1.0
root@hello:~# ll cby.tar 
-rw------- 1 root root 145910784 Nov 17 02:21 cby.tar
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker load -i cby.tar 
Loaded image: myapp:v1.0
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
myapp        v1.0      07a7b54c914c   3 minutes ago   141MB
nginx        latest    e9ce56a96f8e   8 hours ago     141MB
nginx        1.20.1    c8d03f6b8b91   5 weeks ago     133MB
root@hello:~#

8、推送到 DockerHub,并在其余主机上可拉去该镜像

root@hello:~# docker tag myapp:v1.0 chenbuyun/myapp:v1.0
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: chenbuyun
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
root@hello:~# docker push chenbuyun/myapp:v1.0
The push refers to repository [docker.io/chenbuyun/myapp]
799aefeaf6b1: Pushed 
fd688ba2259e: Mounted from library/nginx 
c731fe3d8126: Mounted from library/nginx 
3b1690d8cd86: Mounted from library/nginx 
03f105433dc8: Mounted from library/nginx 
bd7b2912e0ab: Mounted from library/nginx 
e8b689711f21: Mounted from library/nginx 
v1.0: digest: sha256:f085a533e36cccd27a21fe4de7c87f652fe9346e1ed86e3d82856d5d4434c0a0 size: 1777
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker logout
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker pull chenbuyun/myapp:v1.0 
v1.0: Pulling from chenbuyun/myapp
Digest: sha256:f085a533e36cccd27a21fe4de7c87f652fe9346e1ed86e3d82856d5d4434c0a0
Status: Downloaded newer image for chenbuyun/myapp:v1.0
docker.io/chenbuyun/myapp:v1.0
root@hello:~# 
root@hello:~# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
chenbuyun/myapp   v1.0      07a7b54c914c   9 minutes ago   141MB
myapp             v1.0      07a7b54c914c   9 minutes ago   141MB
nginx             latest    e9ce56a96f8e   8 hours ago     141MB
nginx             1.20.1    c8d03f6b8b91   5 weeks ago     133MB
root@hello:~#

以上仅为常用命令,更多 docker 相干常识可在:https://www.runoob.com/docker…

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