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关于android:Android60动态权限适配

jiezi

Android6.0 动静权限适配

Android6.0 开始，权限分为一般权限和危险权限，危险权限：会授予利用拜访用户的秘密数据的权限。如果你的利用在其清单文件中列出了危险权限，用户批准你的利用试验这些权限。
通过 adb 命令

F:\sodaoProject\automate>adb shell
cepheus:/ $ pm list permissions -g -d
Dangerous Permissions:
// 波及读写联系人，拜访账户
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
// 波及电话操作
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
// 波及日历信息的操作（用户日程安排）group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
// 波及相机操作
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA
// 波及应用手机传感器操作
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
// 波及用户地理位置信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
// 波及存储卡的读写操作
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
// 波及多媒体信息的操作
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
// 波及 SMS 卡的操作
group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

ungrouped:
  permission:com.xiaomi.xmsf.permission.PAYMENT // 小米 下载而不显示告诉
  permission:miui.permission.ACCESS_BLE_SETTINGS  // 小米 波及到用户设置的操作
一：权限申请波及到几个办法

1. 查看权限

 ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(Context context, String permission)
 例子：检测联系人权限
(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

返回值（package android.content.pm 的 PackageManager 中的常量）

1.  有权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED  值：0 已受权
 
2.  无权限: PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED   值：- 1 未受权

2. 解释权限

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Activity activity, String permission)
例子：ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)~~~~

(1)判断是否有必要向用户解释为什么要这项权限，如果第一次申请此权限，但用户回绝了，则之后调用该办法将返回 true, 此时有必要向用户具体阐明须要此权限的起因
(2) 如果利用第一次回绝了申请此权限、第二次再申请此权限时，用户勾选了权限申请对话框“不在询问”，则此办法返回 false. 如果设施标准禁止利用领有该权限，此办法返回也是 false
3. 申请权限

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int requestCode)
例子：ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

(1): 权限参数传入的是数组，能够调用该办法一次申请多个权限；
(2): 传入的权限数组参数以单个具体权限为单位，但弹框询问用户受权时，属于同一权限组的权限将主动合并询问受权一次；
(3): 申请的权限必须当时在 AndroidManifest.xml 中有申明，否则调用此办法申请时，将不弹框，而是间接返回“回绝”的后果；
(4): 第一次申请权限时，用户点击了“回绝”，第二次再申请该权限时，对话框将呈现“不再询问”复选框，如果用户勾选了“不再询问”并点击了“回绝”，则之后再申请此权限组时将不弹框，而是间接返回“回绝”的后果。
4. 解决申请后果

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults){// 重写申请后果}
例子：@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    // 重写 onRequestPermissionsResult 办法依据用户的不同抉择做出响应
 switch (requestCode){
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS:
            if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted");
 }else {Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
 showWaringDialog();// 提醒设置开启权限弹窗}
            break;
 }

实现代码：

private void requestPermission() {Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission");
 // 读取联系人的权限 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
 // 判断权限是否受权
 if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){Log.d(TAG,"未受权");
 // 解释为什么须要受权该权限
 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){Log.d(TAG,"解释");
 // 申请受权此权限
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
 }else {Log.d(TAG,"没有解释");
 // 申请受权此权限
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
 }
    }else {Log.d(TAG,"曾经受权");
 }
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    // 重写 onRequestPermissionsResult 办法依据用户的不同抉择做出响应
 switch (requestCode){
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS:
            if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult granted");
 }else {Log.d(TAG,"onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
 showWaringDialog();}
            break;
 }
}
private void showWaringDialog() {AlertDialog dialog=new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle("提醒!")
            .setMessage("请返回设置 -> 利用 ->TestW-> 权限中关上相干权限，否则性能无奈失常运行!")
            .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // 个别状况下，如果用户不受权的话，性能是无奈运行的，做出退出解决
 finish();}
            })
            .show();}

编写一个权限申请工具类

public class PermissionUtils {private static final String TAG=PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
 // 九大危险权限 dangerous
 // 照相机
 public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA= Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
 // 读写文件
 public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
 public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE=Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
 // 地理位置
 public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
 public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION=Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
 // 电话
 public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE=Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
 public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE=Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
 // 拜访账户，读写联系人
 public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS=Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
 // 多媒体
 public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO=Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
 // 权限汇合
 private static final String[] requestPermissions={
            PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
 PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
 PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
 PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
 PERMISSION_CAMERA,
 PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
 PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
 PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
 PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
 };
 public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
 public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
 public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
 public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
 public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
 public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
 public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
 public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
 public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
 public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;
 interface PermissionGrant {void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
 }
    // 申请权限
 public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity,final int requestCode,PermissionGrant permissionGrant){if (activity==null){return;}
        Log.d(TAG,"requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode);
 if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
 return; }
        final String requestPermission=requestPermissions[requestCode];
 int checkSelfPermission;
 try {checkSelfPermission= ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,requestPermission);
 }catch (RuntimeException e){Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                   .show();
 Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
 return; }
       if (checkSelfPermission!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,requestPermission)){Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale");
 shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);
 }else {Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else");
 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{requestPermission},requestCode);
 }
       }else {Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
 Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
 }
    }
  

 private static void shouldShowRationale(Activity activity, int requestCode, String requestPermission) {String[] permissionsHint=activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
 showMessageOkCancel(activity, "Rationale:" + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
 new String[]{requestPermission},
 requestCode);
 Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
 }
        });
 }
    private static void showMessageOkCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
                .setMessage(message)
                .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
                .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
                .create()
                .show();}
    public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
 @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant){if (activity==null){return;}
        Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);

        if (requestCode<0||requestCode>=requestPermissions.length){Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
 Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 return; }
        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
                + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);
 if (grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
 }else {String[] permissionsHint =activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
 openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
 }
    }
    
  // 开启设置界面
 private static void openSettingActivity(Activity activity, String message) {showMessageOkCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
 public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {Intent intent = new Intent();
 intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
 Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName():" + activity.getPackageName());
 Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
 intent.setData(uri);
 activity.startActivity(intent);
 }
        });
 }
}

在 ThirdActivity 的 Activity 中

public class ThirdActivity extends AppCompatActivity{private static final String TAG = ThirdActivity.class.getSimpleName();
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_third);
 }
    public void showCamera(View view) {Log.i(TAG, "Show camera button pressed. Checking permission.");
 PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void getAccounts(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void callPhone(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void readPhoneState(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void accessFineLocation(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void readExternalStorage(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void writeExternalStorage(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    public void recordAudio(View view) {PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant);
 }
    private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant=new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
        @Override
 public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {switch (requestCode) {
                case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                    Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 break; default:
                    break;
 }
        }
    };
 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
 }
}

布局文件 activity_third 中

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical">
 <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/content_fragment"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="0dp"
 android:layout_weight="1"/>
 <ScrollView android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="0dp"
 android:layout_weight="1">
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical">
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:orientation="horizontal">
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="Camera"
 android:id="@+id/button_camera"
 android:onClick="showCamera"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="RECORD_AUDIO"
 android:onClick="recordAudio"/>
 </LinearLayout>
 <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:orientation="horizontal">
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="GET_ACCOUNTS"
 android:onClick="getAccounts"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="CALL_PHONE"
 android:onClick="callPhone"/>
 </LinearLayout>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE"
 android:onClick="readPhoneState"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"
 android:onClick="accessFineLocation"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"
 android:onClick="accessCoarseLocation"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
 android:onClick="readExternalStorage"/>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
 android:onClick="writeExternalStorage"/>
 </LinearLayout> </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

清单文件的申请权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS"/>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>

资源文件在 res 下 values 下创立一个 array.xml 文件

<resources>
    <string-array name="permissions">
        <item>@string/permission_recode_audio_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_get_accounts_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_read_phone_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_call_phone_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_camera_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_access_fine_location_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_access_coarse_location_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_read_external_hint</item>
        <item>@string/permission_white_external_hint</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

在 res 下 values 下的 strings.xml 文件创建

<resources>
 <string name="my_accessibility_description"> 十分建议您开启无障碍服务，开启后能够帮助您实现一些简略的操作，晋升您的操作体验。</string>
 <string name="permission_get_accounts_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS</string>
 <string name="permission_read_phone_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE</string>
 <string name="permission_call_phone_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE</string>
 <string name="permission_camera_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CAMERA</string>
 <string name="permission_access_fine_location_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION</string>
 <string name="permission_access_coarse_location_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</string>
 <string name="permission_read_external_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string>
 <string name="permission_white_external_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</string>
 <string name="permission_recode_audio_hint"> 没有此权限，无奈开启这个性能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO</string>
</resources>

小米零碎在 Android 原生的动静权限申请的根底上，还有本人的用户受权模块

能够看到小米的受权模块中，对权限操作分为容许，询问，回绝。
1. 当咱们第一次关上利用的时候，默认是询问状态，在该状态下，咱们调用 requestPermission()办法会弹出零碎询问框.
2. 在弹出零碎受权框后，只有你操作了（回绝或者容许）, 你永远也不要想着在当前能看到受权框了，除非你过去设置这边更改为“询问”模式。
3. 不然无论你再调用几次 requestPermissions（），都是间接走回调 OnRequestPermissionResult。

Android7.0 调用相机拍照保留照片，就是对手机存储中公有文件门路的爱护

1. 在 Android7.0 之前中调用相机实现拍照保留照片

/**
 * 调用零碎相机实现拍照 */
public void request(View view){if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD 卡异样",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 return; }
    long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
 // 图像名称
 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
 // 图像门路
 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
 File imageFile=new File(path);
 if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();}
    if (!imageFile.exists()){
        try {imageFile.createNewFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();
 }
    }
    // 依据文件解析出文件对应的 Uri
 Uri uri=Uri.fromFile(imageFile); Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri); // 依据文件解析出文件对应的 uri
 // 判断是否有 Activity 能解决 intent
 if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
 }
}

2. 返回后果

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
 if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){if (requestCode==REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO){Toast.makeText(this, "拍照胜利", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 Log.d(TAG,"拍照胜利了呀");
 }
    }
}

Android7.0 之后如果调用零碎相机拍照会报这个问题

Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15%2014.30.48.jpg exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()

须要提供 FileProvider

/**
 * 调用零碎相机实现拍照 */
public void request(View view){if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){Toast.makeText(ThirdActivity.this,"SD 卡异样",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 return; }
    long dateTaken=System.currentTimeMillis();
 // 图像名称
 CharSequence fileName= DateFormat.format("yyyy-MM-dd kk.mm.ss",dateTaken);
 // 图像门路
 String path=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()+ File.separator+"forpermission"+File.separator+fileName+".jpg";
 File imageFile=new File(path);
 if (!imageFile.getParentFile().exists()){imageFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();}
    if (!imageFile.exists()){
        try {imageFile.createNewFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();
 }
    }
 // 依据文件解析出文件对应的 uri
 Uri uri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,"com.ruan.testw.my_provider",imageFile);
 Intent intent=new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
 intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri);
 // 判断是否有 Activity 能解决 intent
 if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager())!=null){startActivityForResult(intent,REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
 }
}

对应的 FileProvider 在 AndroidX 和 android 中不同
在 Androidmanifest 中配置 FileProvider

<!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider 自定义的名字 -->
<provider
 android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"// 内容提供者类名
 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider"// 配置一个 FileProvider 的名字，它在以后零碎内须要是惟一值。android:exported="false"// 示意该 FileProvider 是否须要公开进来，传 false 示意不公开
 android:grantUriPermissions="true">// 是否容许受权文件的长期拜访权限。传 true 示意须要 
 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
 android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
// 在 android 包下
<!--com.ruan.testw.my_provider 自定义的名字 -->
<provider
 android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"// 内容提供者类名
 android:authorities="com.ruan.testw.my_provider"
 android:exported="false"
 android:grantUriPermissions="true">
 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
 android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

在 Android 的 res 下创立 xml 文件夹下新建 file_paths.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- 代表内部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/DCIM/camerademo 目录 -->
 <external-path name="hm_DCIM" path="DCIM/camerademo" />

<!-- 代表内部存储区域的根目录下的文件 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/Pictures/camerademo 目录 -->
 <external-path name="hm_Pictures" path="Pictures/camerademo" />
    
<!-- 代表 app 公有的存储区域 Context.getFilesDir()目录下的 images 目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/files/images-->
<files-path name="hm_private_files" path="images" />
    
<!-- 代表 app 公有的存储区域 Context.getCacheDir()目录下的 images 目录 /data/user/0/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images-->
<cache-path name="hm_private_cache" path="images" />
    
<!-- 代表 app 内部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)目录下的 Pictures 目录 -->
<!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/files/Pictures-->
<external-files-path name="hm_external_files" path="Pictures" />
    
<!-- 代表 app 内部存储区域根目录下的文件 Context.getExternalCacheDir 目录下的 images 目录 -->
<!--/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hm.camerademo/cache/images-->
<external-cache-path name="hm_external_cache" path="" />
    
</paths>
  • root-path：示意根目录，“/”。new File(“/”);
  • files-path：示意 content.getFileDir() 获取到的目录
  • cache-path：示意 content.getCacheDir() 获取到的目录
  • external-path：示意 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 指向的目录
  • external-files-path：示意 ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到的目录
  • external-cache-path：示意 ContextCompat.getExternalCacheDirs() 获取到的目录

留神：
如果 App 有抉择和剪裁图片的需要，最好配置下 root-path，这样子能够读取到 sd 卡和一些利用分身的目录，否则微信等利用分身保留的图片，在 App 外面读取时就产生上面异样：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /storage/emulated/0/forpermission/2021-03-15 16.32.35.jpg

实例：

<paths>
 <!-- <root-path
 name="root" path=""/>--> 
 <external-path
 name="camera_photo"
 path="forpermission"/>
</paths>

1. 应用 FileProvider.getUriForFile(ThirdActivity.this,”com.ruan.testw.my_provider”,imageFile);
目标：是将 file:// 转成 content://
2.getUriForFile() 办法，须要一个 authority 的参数，这里须要与后面在 AndroidManifest.xml 中 配置的 android:authorities 保持一致，因为是通过 android:authorities 属性配置的值，来惟一确定由谁来响应这个 provider 的。在 AndroidManifest.xml 中配置 provider 的时候，须要保障 android:authorities 的值，在整个零碎中的唯一性，否者装置的时候会抛出异样

*END:
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