数据集介绍
数据集来自 Kaggle,质量很高,由知名医院的专业人员严格审核标注,如图所示数据有 4 种类别:
CNV:具有新生血管膜和相关视网膜下液的脉络膜新血管形成
DME:糖尿病性黄斑水肿与视网膜增厚相关的视网膜内液
DRUSEN: 早期 AMD 中存在多个玻璃疣
NORMAL:视网膜正常,没有任何视网膜液或水肿
文件大小约为 5GB,8 万多张图像,分为训练,测试,验证三个文件夹,每个文件夹按照种类不同分成 4 个子文件夹,其次是具体图像文件。
数据集下载
挂载文件夹:
from google.colab import drive
drive.mount(‘/content/gdrive/’)
按照提示进行验证,结果如下:
kaggle 数据下载:
创建 kaggle 账户并下载 kaggle.json 文件。创建账户这里就不介绍了,创建完账户后在“我的账户”-“API”中选择“CREATE NEW API TOKEN”,然后下载 kaggle.json 文件。
创建 kaggle 文件夹:
!mkdir -p ~/.kaggle
将 kaggle.json 文件夹复制到指定文件夹:
!cp /content/gdrive/My\ Drive/kaggle.json ~/.kaggle/
测试是否成功:
!kaggle competitions list
下载数据集:
!kaggle datasets download -d paultimothymooney/kermany2018
解压文件:
!unzip “/content/kermany2018.zip”
将文件解压至 google 云盘:
!unzip “/content/OCT2017.zip” -d “/content/gdrive/My Drive”
数据读取
训练,测试文件夹:
import os
train_folder = os.path.join(‘/’,’content’,’gdrive’,’My Drive’,’OCT’, ‘train’, ‘**’, ‘*.jpeg’)
test_folder = os.path.join(‘/’,’content’,’gdrive’,’My Drive’,’OCT’, ‘test’, ‘**’, ‘*.jpeg’)
有人不知道这里的“**”什么意思,我举例说明吧:
Example:
If we had the following files on our filesystem:
– /path/to/dir/a.txt
– /path/to/dir/b.py
– /path/to/dir/c.py
If we pass “/path/to/dir/*.py” as the directory, the dataset would
produce:
– /path/to/dir/b.py
– /path/to/dir/c.py
数据处理
def input_fn(file_pattern, labels,
image_size=(224,224),
shuffle=False,
batch_size=64,
num_epochs=None,
buffer_size=4096,
prefetch_buffer_size=None):
table = tf.contrib.lookup.index_table_from_tensor(mapping=tf.constant(labels))
num_classes = len(labels)
def _map_func(filename):
label = tf.string_split([filename], delimiter=os.sep).values[-2]
image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(tf.read_file(filename), channels=3)
image = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(image, dtype=tf.float32)
# vgg16 模型图像输入 shape
image = tf.image.resize_images(image, size=image_size)
return (image, tf.one_hot(table.lookup(label), num_classes))
dataset = tf.data.Dataset.list_files(file_pattern, shuffle=shuffle)
# tensorflow2.0 以后 tf.contrib 模块就不再维护了
if num_epochs is not None and shuffle:
dataset = dataset.apply(tf.contrib.data.shuffle_and_repeat(buffer_size, num_epochs))
elif shuffle:
dataset = dataset.shuffle(buffer_size)
elif num_epochs is not None:
dataset = dataset.repeat(num_epochs)
# map 默认是序列的处理数据,取消序列可加快数据处理
dataset = dataset.apply(
tf.contrib.data.map_and_batch(map_func=_map_func,
batch_size=batch_size,
num_parallel_calls=os.cpu_count()))
# prefetch 数据预读取,合理利用 CPU 和 GPU 的空闲时间
dataset = dataset.prefetch(buffer_size=prefetch_buffer_size)
return dataset
模型训练
import tensorflow as tf
import os
# 设置 log 显示等级
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
# 数据集标签
labels = [‘CNV’, ‘DME’, ‘DRUSEN’, ‘NORMAL’]
# include_top: 不包含最后 3 个全连接层
keras_vgg16 = tf.keras.applications.VGG16(input_shape=(224,224,3),
include_top=False)
output = keras_vgg16.output
output = tf.keras.layers.Flatten()(output)
predictions = tf.keras.layers.Dense(len(labels), activation=tf.nn.softmax)(output)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=keras_vgg16.input, outputs=predictions)
for layer in keras_vgg16.layers[:-4]:
layer.trainable = False
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()
model.compile(loss=’categorical_crossentropy’,
optimizer=optimizer,
metrics=[‘accuracy’])
est_config=tf.estimator.RunConfig(log_step_count_steps=10)
estimator = tf.keras.estimator.model_to_estimator(model,model_dir=’/content/gdrive/My Drive/estlogs’,config=est_config)
BATCH_SIZE = 32
EPOCHS = 2
estimator.train(input_fn=lambda:input_fn(test_folder,
labels,
shuffle=True,
batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
buffer_size=2048,
num_epochs=EPOCHS,
prefetch_buffer_size=4))