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golang主流高性能web框架性能测试

测试目标

因为 K8s 缘故涉猎 go 语言,发现 golang 的 web 框架很多,都号称高性能标杆;之前始终致力于 c ++ 高性能服务端框架钻研,出于好奇,想单从性能层面主观比拟一下 go 的泛滥 web 框架,另一方面也心愿看看 c ++ 的实现与 go 语言实现之间到底存在多大差别。

高性能服务框架评估指标很多,但一般来讲吞吐量与 QPS 是要害考量指标,吞吐量掂量带宽利用率,QPS 次要考验框架调度性能(简直所有可称之为“高性能”的服务框架都没有吞吐量问题,毕竟网络瓶颈很轻易就达到了)。因为是框架自身 QPS 测试,为了屏蔽 http 协定实现差别抉择最精简的协定头(协定解决个别不会有锁,为 cpu 密集型),因而要求申请 / 返回报文尽可能小,本文测试基于 http 协定,返回空报文。

为了实现测试的第二个目标,特将一个自撸的 c ++ 服务框架作为 c ++ 实现的”砖头”,退出到比照测试中。此框架尚未开源,其高性能个性保障体现在如下设计上:

  • 跨平台实现 socket 多路复用,反对:poll、epoll、kqueue、port、select、IOCP 等模型
  • 采纳 lock-free 算法
  • 线程池设计
  • socket 连接池
  • 多级工作队列
    ……

PS:

 好吧,这样一来貌似更靠近测试 socket 服务框架调度性能……
不要纠结 keep-alive,因为 wrk 应用 HTTP/1.1,默认都是 keep-alive 的 

测试环境

环境设置

ulimit -n 2000

压测工具

wrk
因为环境限度,只能 wrk 客户端和待测试服务端在一台机器上运行

c++ 自研框架

  • 启动脚本:(最大 2000 个并发连贯,2 个线程解决,http 端口 8080)
    ./proxy_server -i2000 -o2000 -w2 -x8080
  • 如有条件测试 linux 零碎可自行下载服务端 (抉择对应平台的包):github.com/lazy-luo/smarGate
  • http 返回报文:
$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
  • 压测后果:
$wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    13.03ms    3.80ms 100.73ms   86.97%
    Req/Sec     9.43k     1.64k   39.35k    88.23%
  7509655 requests in 1.67m, 444.03MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 794, write 2, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  75018.11
Transfer/sec:      4.44MB
  • 资源占用:

go-restful 框架:

  • main_go-restful.go
package main
import (
   "github.com/emicklei/go-restful"
   "net/http"
)
func main(){ws := new(restful.WebService)
    ws.Route(ws.GET("/").To(hello))
    restful.Add(ws)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080",nil)
}
func hello(req *restful.Request,resp *restful.Response){resp.Write([]byte(""))
}
  • http 返回报文:
$curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 03:54:27 GMT
Content-Length: 0
  • 压测后果:
$wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    19.72ms   10.57ms 331.94ms   87.67%
    Req/Sec     6.52k     1.24k   23.75k    80.42%
  5180908 requests in 1.67m, 370.57MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 844, write 3, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  51757.61
Transfer/sec:      3.70MB
  • 资源占用:

go-echo 框架:

  • main_go-echo.go
package main
import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/labstack/echo"
)
func main() {e := echo.New()
    e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {return c.String(http.StatusOK, "")
    })
    e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start(":8080"))
}
  • http 返回报文:
$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 04:09:24 GMT
Content-Length: 0
  • 压测后果:
$ wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    17.32ms    8.19ms 252.60ms   90.70%
    Req/Sec     7.52k     1.35k   39.96k    80.55%
  5974370 requests in 1.67m, 660.92MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 431, write 67, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  59686.09
Transfer/sec:      6.60MB
  • 资源占用:

go-iris 框架:

  • main_go-iris.go
package main
import(
    "time"
    "github.com/kataras/iris"
    "github.com/kataras/iris/cache"
)
func main(){app := iris.New()
    app.Logger().SetLevel("error")
    app.Get("/",cache.Handler(10*time.Second),writeMarkdown)
    app.Run(iris.Addr(":8080"))
}
func writeMarkdown(ctx iris.Context){ctx.Markdown([]byte(""))
}
  • http 返回报文:
$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 04:11:59 GMT
Content-Length: 0
  • 压测后果:
$ wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    22.03ms    7.99ms 140.47ms   84.58%
    Req/Sec     5.79k   775.23    19.31k    80.35%
  4608572 requests in 1.67m, 505.43MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 726, write 22, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  46041.23
Transfer/sec:      5.05MB
  • 资源占用:

go-gin 框架

  • main_go-gin.go
package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "log"
    "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)
func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {fmt.Fprint(w, "")
}
func main() {router := httprouter.New()
    router.GET("/", Index)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
  • http 返回报文:
$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 04:15:33 GMT
Content-Length: 0
  • 压测后果:
$ wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    16.71ms    7.72ms 268.45ms   87.79%
    Req/Sec     7.71k     1.58k   21.27k    82.12%
  6130281 requests in 1.67m, 438.47MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 693, write 36, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  61243.74
Transfer/sec:      4.38MB
  • 资源占用:

go-chi 框架:

  • main_go-chi.go
package main
import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/go-chi/chi"
)
func main() {r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {w.Write([]byte(""))
    })
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)
}
  • http 返回报文:
$ curl -i http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 04:18:42 GMT
Content-Length: 0
  • 压测后果:
$ wrk -d 100s -c 1024 -t 8 http://localhost:8080/
Running 2m test @ http://localhost:8080/
  8 threads and 1024 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency    17.17ms    8.47ms 253.47ms   90.07%
    Req/Sec     7.65k     1.42k   26.08k    79.76%
  6071695 requests in 1.67m, 434.28MB read
  Socket errors: connect 0, read 110, write 2, timeout 0
Requests/sec:  60658.49
Transfer/sec:      4.34MB
  • 资源占用:

论断:

cpu-free mem-usage qps
c++ 15%-20% 6M 75018.11
go-gin 0%-1.5% 28M 61243.74
go-chi 0%-1% 28M 60658.49
go-echo 0%-0.5% 28M 59686.09
go-restful 0%-0.5% 34M 51757.61
go-iris 0%-1% 37M 46041.23
  • go 语言 web 框架中 gin、chi、echo 性能相当,gin 略显劣势,iris 实测成果不佳;
  • go 语言与 c ++ 语言网络框架比拟还是存在肯定性能差距,但不是决定性的;
  • go 语言整体资源耗用大,c++ 足够轻量高效;
  • go 语言真的很易用且简洁!!就是三方依赖太多,拿来主义,问题排查那是相当酸爽 …… 当然,随着依赖包降级你会一爽快:)
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