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跟我一起用CSS变量加grid画一只小企鹅吧

jiezi 
今天在学习的时候发现自己居然不知道 css 可以使用变量来引用一个值。所以决定做一个小案例。刚好之前也了解到新出的 grid 布局很好用，这里我就结合一下两个我不熟悉的知识点，给大家画一只可爱的小企鹅。欢迎大家指正错误。我们共同进步吧！
1.grid 实现”9 宫格“- 小企鹅是基于下图的九宫格来展开的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8" />
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
 <title>CSS 变量加 grid 画一只企鹅 </title>
 <style>
   .penguin {
     width: 300px;
     height: 300px;
     display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: 100px 100px 100px;// 3 列
     grid-template-rows: 100px 100px 100px; // 3 行
   }
   .item:nth-child(even) {background-color: darkkhaki;}
   .item:nth-child(odd) {background-color: darksalmon;}
 </style>
  </head>
  <body>
 <main class="penguin">
   <div class="item">1</div>
   <div class="item">2</div>
   <div class="item">3</div>
   <div class="item">4</div>
   <div class="item">5</div>
   <div class="item">6</div>
   <div class="item">7</div>
   <div class="item">8</div>
   <div class="item">9</div>
 </main>
  </body>
</html>

2. 画一只小企鹅

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8" />
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
 <title>CSS 变量加 grid 画一只企鹅 </title>
 <style>
   .penguin {
     width: 300px;
     height: 300px;
     background-color: aquamarine;
     display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: 65px 170px 65px;
     grid-template-rows: 100px 150px 50px;
     /* 声明变量的时候，变量名前面要加两根连词线（--）；var()函数用于读取变量；函数还可以使用第二个参数，表示变量的默认值。eg:background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);*/
     /* 动态设置企业的肤色 */
     --penguin-skin: gray;
     --penguin-belly: white;
     --penguin-foot: orange;
     --penguin-cheek: pink;
   }

   /* 基数 */
   /* .item:nth-child(even) {background-color: darkkhaki;}*/
   /* 偶数 */
   /* .item:nth-child(odd) {background-color: darksalmon;} */
   /* 头 */
   .head {background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
     width: 80%;
     height: 100%;
     border-radius: 80% 80% 50% 50%;
     align-self: end;
     transform: translateY(20%);
     z-index: 3;
     position: relative;
   }
   .face {
     /* display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;
     justify-items: center;
     align-items: end; */
     width: 80%;
     height: 90%;
     /* border-radius: 50%; */
     position: relative;
     position: absolute;
     bottom: 0;
     left: 0;
     right: 0;
     top: 0;
     margin: 10% auto;
   }
   .face:before {
     display: block;
     content: "";
     width: 80%;
     height: 100%;
     border-radius: 70% 60% 50% 40%;
     transform: rotate(-45deg);
     background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
     position: absolute;
     left: -5%;
     top: 5%;
   }
   .face:after {
     display: block;
     content: "";
     width: 80%;
     height: 100%;
     border-radius: 60% 70% 40% 50%;
     transform: rotate(45deg);
     background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
     position: absolute;
     right: -5%;
     top: 5%;
   }
   .face-on {
     display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: 33% 33% 33%;
     justify-items: center;
     align-items: end;
     width: 80%;
     height: 80%;
     margin: 0 auto;
     position: absolute;
     left: 0;
     right: 0;
     bottom: 0;
   }
   .eye {
     background: black;
     width: 20px;
     height: 20px;
     border-radius: 50%;
   }
   .left-eye {margin-left: 50%;}
   .right-eye {margin-right: 50%;}

   /* 
     CSS 选择器
     :before    p:before    在每个 <p> 元素的内容之前插入内容。:after    p:after        在每个 <p> 元素的内容之后插入内容。*/
   .eye:after {
     display: block;
     content: " ";
     background-color: var(--penguin-belly, white);
     width: 8px;
     height: 8px;
     border-radius: 50%;
   }

   /* 脸颊 */
   .cheek {
     width: 60%;
     height: 30%;
     border-radius: 50%;
     background-color: var(--penguin-cheek, pink);
     align-self: start;
   }
   .mouth {
     width: 100%;
     height: 100%;
     display: block;
   }
   .mouth:before {
     display: block;
     content: " ";
     width: 60%;
     height: 20%;
     border-radius: 50%;
     background: var(--penguin-foot, rgb(139, 137, 137));
     margin: 0 auto;
   }
   .mouth:after {
     display: block;
     content: " ";
     width: 50%;
     height: 20%;
     border-radius: 50%;
     background: var(--penguin-foot, gray);
     margin: 0 auto;
   }
   /* 手 */
   .hand {
     width: 50%;
     height: 50%;
     background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
     z-index: 0;
   }

   /* 
   设置多个不同的 CSS 变换 (transform) 属性时，在属性中间用空格隔开即可，旋转 缩放 扭曲 等同时执行多个效果！顺序：是从后向前执行的！！！顺序不同变换效果也会不同！！！eg: transform: rotate(45deg) translateX(10px);
   eg: transform: translateX(10px) rotate(45deg) ;
   位置会有很大的区别！*/

   /* 左手 */
   .left-hand {
     border-radius: 30% 30% 120% 30%;
     transform: rotate(45deg) translate(90%, -26%);
     justify-self: end;
   }

   /* 右手 */
   .right-hand {
     border-radius: 30% 30% 30% 120%;
     transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(-90%, -26%);
   }

   /* 肚子 */
   .center {margin: 0 auto;}

   .belly-border {
     width: 95%;
     height: 100%;
     background: var(--penguin-skin, gray);
     border-radius: 120%;
     z-index: 1;
   }

   .belly-in {
     width: 85%;
     height: 95%;
     background: var(--penguin-belly, white);
     border-radius: 120% 120% 100% 100%;
   }

   /* 脚 */
   .penguin-feet {position: relative;}

   .feet {
     display: inline-block;
     width: 30%;
     height: 50%;
     background: var(--penguin-foot, orange);
     border-radius: 50%;
     position: absolute;
     z-index: 0;
     top: -40%;
   }

   .left-feet {transform: rotate(160deg);
     left: 18%;
   }

   .right-feet {transform: rotate(-160deg);
     right: 18%;
   }
 </style>
  </head>

  <body>
 <img src="./penguin.png" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" />
 <main class="penguin">
   <section class="item"></section>
   <section class="item head center">
     <div class="face"></div>
     <div class="face-on">
       <div class="eye left-eye"></div>
       <div></div>
       <div class="eye right-eye"></div>
       <div class="cheek left-cheek"></div>
       <div class="mouth"></div>
       <div class="cheek right-cheek"></div>
     </div>
   </section>
   <section class="item"></section>
   <section class="item hand left-hand"></section>
   <section class="item center belly-border">
     <div class="belly-in center"></div>
   </section>
   <section class="item hand right-hand"></section>
   <section class="item"></section>
   <section class="item penguin-feet">
     <section class="feet left-feet"></section>
     <section class="feet right-feet"></section>
   </section>
   <section class="item"></section>
 </main>
  </body>
</html>

3. 预览

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