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主机名 /hostname/ComputerName 的含义
主机名、hostname 是一个东西，中英文而已，指的是你本地网络上的电脑可以通过主机名访问你的电脑。这个与 Linux 系统是一致的。
ComputerName，这个是 macOS 才有的东西。跟 Windows 上一样，表示的是电脑名称，给人看的。
可以从下图中看出来（系统偏好设置 > 共享）：
15517939724708.jpg
对于 macOS 来说，它会按以下的顺序来确定主机名，直到获取到为止：
从以下文件中读取：/etc/hostconfig
从以下系统配置项读取：/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist 中的 System ▸ System ▸ HostName
由本机 IP 地址的反向 DNS 查询获取
从以下系统配置项读取：/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist 中的 System ▸ Network ▸ HostNames ▸ LocalHostName
如果以上方法都没获取到，就为默认的 localhost
主机名 /hostname 修改
查看
hostname
或者
scutil –get LocalHostName
修改
sudo scutil –set LocalHostName XXX
示例
$ hostname
shocker.local
$ scutil –get LocalHostName
shocker
$ sudo scutil –set LocalHostName hello
Password:
$ hostname
hello.local
$ scutil –get LocalHostName
hello
ComputerName 修改
查看
scutil –get ComputerName
修改
sudo scutil –set ComputerName XXX
示例
$ scutil –get ComputerName
shocker
$ sudo scutil –set ComputerName MyMacBook
Password:
$ scutil –get ComputerName
MyMacBook
scutil 命令
scutil 是个可动态访问 macOS 系统信息的交互式工具。
$ scutil –help
usage: scutil
interactive access to the dynamic store.
or: scutil –prefs [preference-file]
interactive access to the [raw] stored preferences.
or: scutil [-W] -r nodename
or: scutil [-W] -r address
or: scutil [-W] -r local-address remote-address
check reachability of node, address, or address pair (-W to “watch”).
or: scutil -w dynamic-store-key [-t timeout]
-w wait for presense of dynamic store key
-t time to wait for key
or: scutil –get pref
or: scutil –set pref [newval]
or: scutil –get filename path key
pref display (or set) the specified preference. Valid preferences
include:
ComputerName, LocalHostName, HostName
newval New preference value to be set. If not specified,
the new value will be read from standard input.
or: scutil –dns
show DNS configuration.
or: scutil –proxy
show “proxy” configuration.
or: scutil –nwi
show network information
or: scutil –nc
show VPN network configuration information. Use –nc help for full command list
or: scutil –allow-new-interfaces [off|on]
manage new interface creation with screen locked.
or: scutil –error err#
display a descriptive message for the given error code
查看 DNS 配置
$ scutil –dns
DNS configuration
resolver #1
nameserver[0] : 61.139.2.69
nameserver[1] : 218.6.200.139
if_index : 5 (en0)
flags : Request A records
reach : 0x00000002 (Reachable)
resolver #2
domain : 8163912288.members.btmm.icloud.com
options : pdns
timeout : 5
flags : Request A records
reach : 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
order : 150000
// more …
查看代理配置
$ scutil –proxy
<dictionary> {
HTTPEnable : 0
HTTPSEnable : 0
ProxyAutoConfigEnable : 0
SOCKSEnable : 0
}
查看网络配置
$ scutil –nwi
Network information
IPv4 network interface information
en0 : flags : 0x5 (IPv4,DNS)
address : 192.168.0.105
reach : 0x00000002 (Reachable)
REACH : flags 0x00000002 (Reachable)
IPv6 network interface information
No IPv6 states found
REACH : flags 0x00000000 (Not Reachable)
Network interfaces: en0
修改主机名、电脑名称等
$ scutil –set ComputerName xxx
$ scutil –set HostName xxx
$ scutil –set LocalHostName xxx
参考
Where does the prompt name come from in the macOS Terminal?
How to set hostname in Mac OS X with scutil
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