JS 版本排序和搜索算法

排序算法

算法中用到的公共函数

type ICompareFunction<T> = (a: T, b: T) => number;
 
type IEqualsFunction<T> = (a: T, b: T) => boolean;
 
type IDiffFunction<T> = (a: T, b: T) => number;
 
const DOES_NOT_EXIST = -1;
 
enum Compare {
  LESS_THAN = -1,
  BIGGER_THAN = 1,
  EQUALS = 0
}
 
function lesserEquals<T>(a: T, b: T, compareFn: ICompareFunction<T>) {const comp = compareFn(a, b);
  return comp === Compare.LESS_THAN || comp === Compare.EQUALS;
}
 
function biggerEquals<T>(a: T, b: T, compareFn: ICompareFunction<T>) {const comp = compareFn(a, b);
  return comp === Compare.BIGGER_THAN || comp === Compare.EQUALS;
}
 
function defaultCompare<T>(a: T, b: T): number {if (a === b) {return Compare.EQUALS;}
  return a < b ? Compare.LESS_THAN : Compare.BIGGER_THAN;
}
 
function defaultEquals<T>(a: T, b: T): boolean {return a === b;}
 
function defaultToString(item: any): string {if (item === null) {return 'NULL';} else if (item === undefined) {return 'UNDEFINED';} else if (typeof item === 'string' || item instanceof String) {return `${item}`;
  }
  return item.toString();}
 
function swap(array: any[], a: number, b: number) {[array[a], array[b]] = [array[b], array[a]];
}
 
function reverseCompare<T>(compareFn: ICompareFunction<T>): ICompareFunction<T> {return (a, b) => compareFn(b, a);
}
 
function defaultDiff<T>(a: T, b: T): number {return Number(a) - Number(b);
}

冒泡排序

function bubbleSort<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {const { length} = array;
  for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < length - 1; j++) {if (compareFn(array[j], array[j + 1]) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {swap(array, j, j + 1);
      }
    }
  }
  return array;
}

改进的冒泡排序

function modifiedBubbleSort<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {const { length} = array;
  for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < length - 1 - i; j++) {if (compareFn(array[j], array[j + 1]) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {swap(array, j, j + 1);
      }
    }
  }
  return array;
}

选择排序

function selectionSort(array: any[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {const { length} = array;
  let indexMin;
 
  for (let i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
    indexMin = i;
    for (let j = i; j < length; j++) {if (compareFn(array[indexMin], array[j]) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {indexMin = j;}
    }
    if (i !== indexMin) {swap(array, i, indexMin);
    }
  }
  return array;
};

插入排序

function insertionSort(array: any[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {const { length} = array;
  let temp;
  for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
    let j = i;
    temp = array[i];
    while (j > 0 && compareFn(array[j - 1], temp) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {array[j] = array[j - 1];
      j--;
    }
    array[j] = temp;
  }
  return array;
};

归并排序

function merge<T>(left: T[], right: T[], compareFn: ICompareFunction<T>) {
  let i = 0;
  let j = 0;
  const result = [];
  while (i < left.length && j < right.length) {result.push(compareFn(left[i], right[j]) === Compare.LESS_THAN ? left[i++] : right[j++]);
  }
  return result.concat(i < left.length ? left.slice(i) : right.slice(j));
}
 
function mergeSort<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare): T[] {if (array.length > 1) {const { length} = array;
    const middle = Math.floor(length / 2);
    const left = mergeSort(array.slice(0, middle), compareFn);
    const right = mergeSort(array.slice(middle, length), compareFn);
    array = merge(left, right, compareFn);
  }
  return array;
}

快速排序

function partition(array: any[], left: number, right: number, compareFn: ICompareFunction<any>) {const pivot = array[Math.floor((right + left) / 2)];
  let i = left;
  let j = right;
  while (i <= j) {while (compareFn(array[i], pivot) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {i++;}
    while (compareFn(array[j], pivot) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {j--;}
    if (i <= j) {swap(array, i, j);
      i++;
      j--;
    }
  }
  return i;
};
 
function quick(array: any[],
  left: number,
  right: number,
  compareFn: ICompareFunction<any>
 ) {
  let index;
  if (array.length > 1) {index = partition(array, left, right, compareFn);
    if (left < index - 1) {quick(array, left, index - 1, compareFn);
    }
    if (index < right) {quick(array, index, right, compareFn);
    }
  }
  return array;
};
 
function quickSort(array: any[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {return quick(array, 0, array.length - 1, compareFn);
};

计数排序

function findMaxValue<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {if (array && array.length > 0) {let max = array[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {if (compareFn(max, array[i]) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {max = array[i];
      }
    }
    return max;
  }
  return undefined;
}
function countingSort(array: number[]) {if (array.length < 2) {return array;}
  const maxValue = findMaxValue(array);
  let sortedIndex = 0;
  const counts = new Array(maxValue + 1);
  array.forEach(element => {if (!counts[element]) {counts[element] = 0;
    }
    counts[element]++;
  });
  counts.forEach((element, i) => {while (element > 0) {array[sortedIndex++] = i;
      element--;
    }
  });
  return array;
}

桶排序

// 引入插入排序
import {insertionSort} from './insertion-sort';
 
function createBuckets(array: number[], bucketSize: number): number[][] {let minValue = array[0];
  let maxValue = array[0];
  for (let i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {if (array[i] < minValue) {minValue = array[i];
    } else if (array[i] > maxValue) {maxValue = array[i];
    }
  }
  const bucketCount = Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1;
  const buckets = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < bucketCount; i++) {buckets[i] = [];}
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {buckets[Math.floor((array[i] - minValue) / bucketSize)].push(array[i]);
  }
  return buckets;
}
function sortBuckets(buckets: number[][]) {const sortedArray = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {if (buckets[i] != null) {insertionSort(buckets[i]);
      sortedArray.push(...buckets[i]);
    }
  }
  return sortedArray;
}
function bucketSort(array: number[], bucketSize = 5) {if (array.length < 2) {return array;}
  const buckets = createBuckets(array, bucketSize);
  return sortBuckets(buckets);
}

基数排序

function findMaxValue<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {if (array && array.length > 0) {let max = array[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {if (compareFn(max, array[i]) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {max = array[i];
      }
    }
    return max;
  }
  return undefined;
}
function findMinValue<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {if (array && array.length > 0) {let min = array[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {if (compareFn(min, array[i]) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {min = array[i];
      }
    }
    return min;
  }
  return undefined;
}
const countingSortForRadix = (array: number[],
  radixBase: number,
  significantDigit: number,
  minValue: any
 ) => {
  let bucketsIndex;
  const buckets: number[] = [];
  const aux: number[] = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < radixBase; i++) {buckets[i] = 0;
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {bucketsIndex = Math.floor(((array[i] - minValue) / significantDigit) % radixBase);
    buckets[bucketsIndex]++;
  }
  for (let i = 1; i < radixBase; i++) {buckets[i] += buckets[i - 1];
  }
  for (let i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {bucketsIndex = Math.floor(((array[i] - minValue) / significantDigit) % radixBase);
    aux[--buckets[bucketsIndex]] = array[i];
  }
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {array[i] = aux[i];
  }
  return array;
};
function radixSort(array: number[], radixBase = 10) {if (array.length < 2) {return array;}
  const minValue = findMinValue(array);
  const maxValue = findMaxValue(array);
  // Perform counting sort for each significant digit, starting at 1
  let significantDigit = 1;
  while ((maxValue - minValue) / significantDigit >= 1) {array = countingSortForRadix(array, radixBase, significantDigit, minValue);
    significantDigit *= radixBase;
  }
  return array;
}

堆排序

function heapify(array: any[], index: number, heapSize: number, compareFn: ICompareFunction<any>) {
  let largest = index;
  const left = (2 * index) + 1;
  const right = (2 * index) + 2;
  if (left < heapSize && compareFn(array[left], array[index]) > 0) {largest = left;}
  if (right < heapSize && compareFn(array[right], array[largest]) > 0) {largest = right;}
  if (largest !== index) {swap(array, index, largest);
    heapify(array, largest, heapSize, compareFn);
  }
}
function buildMaxHeap(array: any[], compareFn: ICompareFunction<any>) {for (let i = Math.floor(array.length / 2); i >= 0; i -= 1) {heapify(array, i, array.length, compareFn);
  }
  return array;
}
function heapSort(array: any[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {
  let heapSize = array.length;
  buildMaxHeap(array, compareFn);
  while (heapSize > 1) {swap(array, 0, --heapSize);
    heapify(array, 0, heapSize, compareFn);
  }
  return array;
}

希尔排序

function shellSort<T>(array: T[], compareFn = defaultCompare) {
  let increment = array.length / 2;
  while (increment > 0) {for (let i = increment; i < array.length; i++) {
      let j = i;
      const temp = array[i];
      while (j >= increment && compareFn(array[j - increment], temp) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {array[j] = array[j - increment];
        j = j - increment;
      }
      array[j] = temp;
    }
    if (increment === 2) {increment = 1;} else {increment = Math.floor(increment * 5 / 11);
    }
  }
  return array;
}

搜索算法

顺序搜索

function sequentialSearch<T>(array: T[], value: T, equalsFn: IEqualsFunction<T> = defaultEquals) {for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {if (equalsFn(value, array[i])) {return i;}
  }
  return DOES_NOT_EXIST;
}

二分搜索

// 引入快速排序
import {quickSort} from 'quicksort';
 
function binarySearch<T> (array: T[], value: T, compareFn = defaultCompare) {const sortedArray = quickSort(array);
  let low = 0;
  let high = sortedArray.length - 1;
  while (low <= high) {const mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
    const element = sortedArray[mid];
    if (compareFn(element, value) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {low = mid + 1;} else if (compareFn(element, value) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {high = mid - 1;} else {return mid;}
  }
  return DOES_NOT_EXIST;
}

二分搜索——递归实现

// 引入快速排序
import {quickSort} from 'quicksort';
 
function binarySearchRecursive<T>(array: T[],
  value: T,
  low: number,
  high: number,
  compareFn = defaultCompare
 ): number {if (low <= high) {const mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
    const element = array[mid];
 
    if (compareFn(element, value) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {return binarySearchRecursive(array, value, mid + 1, high, compareFn);
    } else if (compareFn(element, value) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {return binarySearchRecursive(array, value, low, mid - 1, compareFn);
    } else {return mid;}
  }
  return DOES_NOT_EXIST;
}
function binarySearch<T>(array: T[], value: T, compareFn = defaultCompare) {const sortedArray = quickSort(array);
  const low = 0;
  const high = sortedArray.length - 1;
  return binarySearchRecursive(array, value, low, high, compareFn);
}

内插搜索

// 引入前面工具函数
import {
  biggerEquals,
  Compare,
  defaultCompare,
  defaultEquals,
  defaultDiff,
  DOES_NOT_EXIST,
  lesserEquals
} from '../../util';
 
function interpolationSearch<T>(array: T[],
  value: T,
  compareFn = defaultCompare,
  equalsFn = defaultEquals,
  diffFn = defaultDiff
 ) {const { length} = array;
  let low = 0;
  let high = length - 1;
  let position = -1;
  let delta = -1;
  while (
    low <= high &&
    biggerEquals(value, array[low], compareFn) &&
    lesserEquals(value, array[high], compareFn)
  ) {delta = diffFn(value, array[low]) / diffFn(array[high], array[low]);
    position = low + Math.floor((high - low) * delta);
    if (equalsFn(array[position], value)) {return position;}
    if (compareFn(array[position], value) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {low = position + 1;} else {high = position - 1;}
  }
 
  return DOES_NOT_EXIST;
}

随机算法 Fisher—Yates(洗扑克牌)

function shuffle<T>(array: T[]) {for (let i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {const randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
    swap(array, i, randomIndex);
  }
  return array;
}