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在使用 SpringSecurity 中，大伙都知道默认的登录数据是通过 key/value 的形式来传递的，默认情况下不支持 JSON 格式的登录数据，如果有这种需求，就需要自己来解决，本文主要和小伙伴来聊聊这个话题。
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基本登录方案
在说如何使用 JSON 登录之前，我们还是先来看看基本的登录吧，本文为了简单，SpringSecurity 在使用中就不连接数据库了，直接在内存中配置用户名和密码，具体操作步骤如下：
创建 Spring Boot 工程
首先创建 SpringBoot 工程，添加 SpringSecurity 依赖，如下：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
添加 Security 配置
创建 SecurityConfig，完成 SpringSecurity 的配置，如下：
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser(“zhangsan”).password(“$2a$10$2O4EwLrrFPEboTfDOtC0F.RpUMk.3q3KvBHRx7XXKUMLBGjOOBs8q”).roles(“user”);
}
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl(“/doLogin”)
.successHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean ok = RespBean.ok(“ 登录成功！”,authentication.getPrincipal());
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean error = RespBean.error(“ 登录失败 ”);
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.loginPage(“/login”)
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.logoutUrl(“/logout”)
.logoutSuccessHandler(new LogoutSuccessHandler() {
@Override
public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean ok = RespBean.ok(“ 注销成功！”);
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.permitAll()
.and()
.csrf()
.disable()
.exceptionHandling()
.accessDeniedHandler(new AccessDeniedHandler() {
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean error = RespBean.error(“ 权限不足，访问失败 ”);
resp.setStatus(403);
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
});
}
}
这里的配置虽然有点长，但是很基础，配置含义也比较清晰，首先提供 BCryptPasswordEncoder 作为 PasswordEncoder，可以实现对密码的自动加密加盐，非常方便，然后提供了一个名为 zhangsan 的用户，密码是 123，角色是 user，最后配置登录逻辑，所有的请求都需要登录后才能访问，登录接口是 /doLogin，用户名的 key 是 username，密码的 key 是 password，同时配置登录成功、登录失败以及注销成功、权限不足时都给用户返回 JSON 提示，另外，这里虽然配置了登录页面为 /login，实际上这不是一个页面，而是一段 JSON，在 LoginController 中提供该接口，如下：
@RestController
@ResponseBody
public class LoginController {
@GetMapping(“/login”)
public RespBean login() {
return RespBean.error(“ 尚未登录，请登录 ”);
}
@GetMapping(“/hello”)
public String hello() {
return “hello”;
}
}
这里 /login 只是一个 JSON 提示，而不是页面，/hello 则是一个测试接口。
OK，做完上述步骤就可以开始测试了，运行 SpringBoot 项目，访问 /hello 接口，结果如下：
此时先调用登录接口进行登录，如下：
登录成功后，再去访问 /hello 接口就可以成功访问了。
使用 JSON 登录
上面演示的是一种原始的登录方案，如果想将用户名密码通过 JSON 的方式进行传递，则需要自定义相关过滤器，通过分析源码我们发现，默认的用户名密码提取在 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 过滤器中，部分源码如下：
public class UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter extends
AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY = “username”;
public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY = “password”;
private String usernameParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY;
private String passwordParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY;
private boolean postOnly = true;
public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter() {
super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(“/login”, “POST”));
}
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
if (postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals(“POST”)) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
“Authentication method not supported: ” + request.getMethod());
}
String username = obtainUsername(request);
String password = obtainPassword(request);
if (username == null) {
username = “”;
}
if (password == null) {
password = “”;
}
username = username.trim();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
username, password);
// Allow subclasses to set the “details” property
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
protected String obtainPassword(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(passwordParameter);
}
protected String obtainUsername(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(usernameParameter);
}
//…
//…
}
从这里可以看到，默认的用户名 / 密码提取就是通过 request 中的 getParameter 来提取的，如果想使用 JSON 传递用户名密码，只需要将这个过滤器替换掉即可，自定义过滤器如下：
public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
if (request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
|| request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)) {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()) {
Map<String,String> authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is, Map.class);
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
authenticationBean.get(“username”), authenticationBean.get(“password”));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
“”, “”);
} finally {
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
}
else {
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
}
这里只是将用户名 / 密码的获取方案重新修正下，改为了从 JSON 中获取用户名密码，然后在 SecurityConfig 中作出如下修改：
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.and().csrf().disable();
http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
RespBean respBean = RespBean.ok(“ 登录成功!”);
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(respBean));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
});
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
resp.setContentType(“application/json;charset=utf-8”);
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
RespBean respBean = RespBean.error(“ 登录失败!”);
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(respBean));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
});
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}
将自定义的 CustomAuthenticationFilter 类加入进来即可，接下来就可以使用 JSON 进行登录了，如下：
好了，本文就先介绍到这里，有问题欢迎留言讨论。Java 通关秘笈小程序，视频教程、学习资料、重点知识一网打尽，你值得拥有！
