有以下三种配置
在 xml 中配置
在 java 中配置
bean 自动装配

自动装配

这里以转载 CD 为例子

首先需要建立 CD 概念

即，定义一个 cd 接口

只需要实现添加两个注解，

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 定义 cd 接口
 * @author ming
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public interface CompactDisc {
    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    void play();}

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 *
 * @author ming
 */

// 启用组件扫描
@Component
class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {
    private String title = "标题";
    private String artist = "内容";
    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    @Override
    public void play() {System.out.println(this.artist + this.title);
    }
}

package com.ming;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class CompactDiscTest {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext = null;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {}

    @Test
    public void play() {CompactDisc compactDisc = applicationContext.getBean(CompactDisc.class);
        assertNotNull(compactDisc);
    }
}

扫描的时候，会直接按照该类所在的包，作为基础包，进行扫描

对依赖的实现自动装配

添加注解以后，初始化 bean 以后，会尽可能的满足 bean 的依赖

目录如下

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 *
 * @author ming
 */
@Component
public class CDPlay implements MediaPlayer {
    CompactDisc compactDisc = null;

    @Autowired
    public CDPlay(CompactDisc compactDisc){this.compactDisc = compactDisc;}

    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    @Override
    public void play() {compactDisc.play();
    }
}

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 定义 cd 接口
 * @author ming
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public interface CompactDisc {
    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    void play();}

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

/**
 * @author ming
 */
@ComponentScan
public interface MediaPlayer {
    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    public void play();}

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 *
 * @author ming
 */

// 启用组件扫描
@Component
class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {
    private String title = "标题";
    private String artist = "内容";
    /**
     * 规定方法为 play
     */
    @Override
    public void play() {System.out.println(this.artist + this.title);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ming"/>
</beans>

package com.ming;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class CompactDiscTest {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext = null;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {}

    @Test
    public void play() {MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = (MediaPlayer) applicationContext.getBean(MediaPlayer.class);
        mediaPlayer.play();
        assertNotNull(mediaPlayer);
    }
}

运行结果

在这里，在装配的时候，尽量满足配置规则进行装配

Java 代码装配 bean

package com.ming;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 *
 * @author ming
 */
@Configuration  // 注解表明这是一个配置类
public class CDPlayerConfig {

    @Bean
    public CompactDisc sgtPeppers(){
        // 此处进行装配
        return new SgtPeppers();}

    /**
     * 注入装配
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public CDPlay cdPlay(){return new CDPlay(this.sgtPeppers());
    }
}