在使用 selenium + chromeDriver + python3 截图时，遇上 Flash 无法加载，导致了截图 Falsh 是空白区。
环境要求：selenium chromeDriver Python3
问题
chrome 无头浏览器无法自动加载 Flash
解决办法
参考了 allow-flash-content-in-chrome-69-running-via-chromedriver 的回答，直接修改 Chrome 的设置 chrome://settings/content/siteDetails?site= 里面的 Flash 设置，修改为 Allow
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
class chromeDriver():
def __init__(self, driver = ''):
# 设置窗口大小
self.window_width = 1680
self.window_height = 948
# 设置 chromedriver 位置
self.executable_path = '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver'
# 设置 Flash 的路径
self.flash_path = '/Users/cindy/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/PepperFlash/32.0.0.171/PepperFlashPlayer.plugin'
# 获取 driver
if driver: self.driver = driver
else:
self.driver = self.get_chrome_driver()
def get_chrome_driver(self):
# 头部
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'
# 创建参数对象
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
prefs = {
# 开启图片
"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images":1,
# 关闭 Notification
"profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications": 2,
}
# 设置 Flash 的路径
options.add_argument('--ppapi-flash-version=32.0.0.171')
options.add_argument('--ppapi-flash-path=' + self.flash_path)
options.add_argument('binary_location=/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome')
# 指定屏幕分辨率
options.add_argument('window-size=' + str(self.window_width) + 'x' + str(self.window_height) + '\'')
# 最大化窗口
options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
# 规避 bug
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
# 禁用弹出拦截
options.add_argument('--disable-popup-blocking')
# 隐藏自动软件
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
# 设置中文
options.add_argument('lang=zh_CN.UTF-8')
#忽略 Chrome 浏览器证书错误报警提示
options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')
# 更换头部
options.add_argument('user-agent=' + user_agent)
options.add_argument('no-default-browser-check')
# 关闭特征变量
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)
# 创建 Chrome 对象
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options = options, executable_path = self.executable_path)
return driver
def get(self, web_url):
if not web_url: return False
return self.driver.get(web_url)
def add_flash_site(self, web_url):
if not web_url: return False
self.get("chrome://settings/content/siteDetails?site=" + web_url)
root1 = self.driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "settings-ui")
shadow_root1 = self.expand_root_element(root1)
root2 = shadow_root1.find_element(By.ID, "container")
root3 = root2.find_element(By.ID, "main")
shadow_root3 = self.expand_root_element(root3)
shadow_root3 = self.expand_root_element(root3)
root4 = shadow_root3.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "showing-subpage")
shadow_root4 = self.expand_root_element(root4)
root5 = shadow_root4.find_element(By.ID, "advancedPage")
root6 = root5.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "settings-privacy-page")
shadow_root6 = self.expand_root_element(root6)
root7 = shadow_root6.find_element(By.ID, "pages")
root8 = root7.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "settings-subpage")
root9 = root8.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "site-details")
shadow_root9 = self.expand_root_element(root9)
root10 = shadow_root9.find_element(By.ID, "plugins")
shadow_root10 = self.expand_root_element(root10)
root11 = shadow_root10.find_element(By.ID, "permission")
Select(root11).select_by_value("allow")
def expand_root_element(self, element):
return self.driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].shadowRoot", element)
def get_flash_url(self, web_url):
if not web_url: return False
self.add_flash_site(web_url)
self.get(web_url)
def quit_driver(self):
self.driver.quit()
driver = chromeDriver()
url = 'http://your.website/'
driver.get_flash_url(url)
最后
不能使用无界面模式，设置 handless 参数 options.add_argument('--headless')。否则无法直接修改 Chrome 的设置。