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Java12-Collectorsteeing-你需要了解一下

jiezi

前言

在 Java 12 里面有个非常好用但在官方 JEP 没有公布的功能，因为它只是 Collector 中的一个小改动，它的作用是 merge 两个 collector 的结果，这句话显得很抽象，老规矩，我们先来看个图:

管道改造经常会用这个小东西，通常我们叫它「三通」，它的主要作用就是将 downstream1 和 downstream2 的流入合并，然后从 merger 流出

有了这个形象的说明我们就进入正题吧

Collectors.teeing

上面提到的小功能就是 Collectors.teeing API, 先来看一下 JDK 关于该 API 的说明，看着觉得难受的直接忽略，继续向下看例子就好了:

/**
 * Returns a {@code Collector} that is a composite of two downstream collectors.
 * Every element passed to the resulting collector is processed by both downstream
 * collectors, then their results are merged using the specified merge function
 * into the final result.
 *
 * <p>The resulting collector functions do the following:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>supplier: creates a result container that contains result containers
 * obtained by calling each collector's supplier
 * <li>accumulator: calls each collector's accumulator with its result container
 * and the input element
 * <li>combiner: calls each collector's combiner with two result containers
 * <li>finisher: calls each collector's finisher with its result container,
 * then calls the supplied merger and returns its result.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The resulting collector is {@link Collector.Characteristics#UNORDERED} if both downstream
 * collectors are unordered and {@link Collector.Characteristics#CONCURRENT} if both downstream
 * collectors are concurrent.
 *
 * @param <T>         the type of the input elements
 * @param <R1>        the result type of the first collector
 * @param <R2>        the result type of the second collector
 * @param <R>         the final result type
 * @param downstream1 the first downstream collector
 * @param downstream2 the second downstream collector
 * @param merger      the function which merges two results into the single one
 * @return a {@code Collector} which aggregates the results of two supplied collectors.
 * @since 12
 */
public static <T, R1, R2, R>
Collector<T, ?, R> teeing(Collector<? super T, ?, R1> downstream1,
                          Collector<? super T, ?, R2> downstream2,
                          BiFunction<? super R1, ? super R2, R> merger) {return teeing0(downstream1, downstream2, merger);
}

API 描述重的一句话非常关键:

Every element passed to the resulting collector is processed by both downstream collectors
结合「三通图」来说明就是，集合中每一个要被传入 merger 的元素都会经过 downstream1 和 downstream2 的加工处理

其中 merger 类型是 BiFunction，也就是说接收两个参数，并输出一个值，请看它的 apply 方法

@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiFunction<T, U, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given arguments.
     *
     * @param t the first function argument
     * @param u the second function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t, U u);
}

至于可以如何处理，我们来看一些例子吧

例子

为了更好的说明 teeing 的使用，列举了四个例子，看过这四个例子再回看上面的 API 说明，相信你会柳暗花明了

计数和累加

先来看一个经典的问题，给定的数字集合，需要映射整数流中的元素数量和它们的和

class CountSum {
    private final Long count;
    private final Integer sum;
    public CountSum(Long count, Integer sum) {
        this.count = count;
        this.sum = sum;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CountSum{" +
                "count=" + count +
                ", sum=" + sum +
                '}';
    }
}

通过 Collectors.teeing 处理

CountSum countsum = Stream.of(2, 11, 1, 5, 7, 8, 12)
        .collect(Collectors.teeing(counting(),
                summingInt(e -> e),
                CountSum::new));

System.out.println(countsum.toString());
  • downstream1 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 counting 进行集合计数
  • downstream2 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 summingInt 进行集合元素值的累加
  • merger 通过 CountSum 构造器收集结果

运行结果:

CountSum{count=7, sum=46}

我们通过 teeing 一次性得到我们想要的结果，继续向下看其他例子:

最大值与最小值

通过给定的集合，一次性计算出集合的最大值与最小值，同样新建一个类 MinMax，并创建构造器用于 merger 收集结果

class MinMax {
    private final Integer min;
    private final Integer max;
    public MinMax(Integer min, Integer max) {
        this.min = min;
        this.max = max;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MinMax{" +
                "min=" + min +
                ", max=" + max +
                '}';
    }
}

通过 teeing API 计算结果:

MinMax minmax = Stream.of(2, 11, 1, 5, 7, 8, 12)
        .collect(Collectors.teeing(minBy(Comparator.naturalOrder()),
                maxBy(Comparator.naturalOrder()),
                (Optional<Integer> a, Optional<Integer> b) -> new MinMax(a.orElse(Integer.MIN_VALUE), b.orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE))));

System.out.println(minmax.toString());
  • downstream1 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 minBy，通过 Comparator 比较器按照自然排序找到最小值
  • downstream2 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 maxBy，通过 Comparator 比较器按照自然排序找到最大值
  • merger 通过 MinMax 构造器收集结果，只不过为了应对 NPE，将 BiFunction 的两个入参经过 Optional 处理

运行结果:

MinMax{min=1, max=12}

为了验证一下 Optional，我们将集合中添加一个 null 元素，并修改一下排序规则来看一下排序结果:

MinMax minmax = Stream.of(null, 2, 11, 1, 5, 7, 8, 12)
                .collect(Collectors.teeing(minBy(Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.naturalOrder())),
                        maxBy(Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder())),
                        (Optional<Integer> a, Optional<Integer> b) -> new MinMax(a.orElse(Integer.MIN_VALUE), b.orElse(Integer.MAX_VALUE))));
  • downstream1 处理规则是将 null 放在排序的最前面
  • downstream2 处理规则是将 null 放在排序的最后面
  • merger 处理时，都会执行 optional.orElse 方法，分别输出最小值与最大值

运行结果:

MinMax{min=-2147483648, max=2147483647}

瓜的总重和单个重量

接下来举一个更贴合实际的操作对象的例子

// 定义瓜的类型和重量
class Melon {
    private final String type;
    private final int weight;
    public Melon(String type, int weight) {
        this.type = type;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public String getType() {return type;}

    public int getWeight() {return weight;}
}

// 总重和单个重量列表
class WeightsAndTotal {
    private final int totalWeight;
    private final List<Integer> weights;
    public WeightsAndTotal(int totalWeight, List<Integer> weights) {
        this.totalWeight = totalWeight;
        this.weights = weights;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "WeightsAndTotal{" +
                "totalWeight=" + totalWeight +
                ", weights=" + weights +
                '}';
    }
}

通过 teeing API 计算总重量和单个列表重量

List<Melon> melons = Arrays.asList(new Melon("Crenshaw", 1200),
    new Melon("Gac", 3000), new Melon("Hemi", 2600),
    new Melon("Hemi", 1600), new Melon("Gac", 1200),
    new Melon("Apollo", 2600), new Melon("Horned", 1700),
    new Melon("Gac", 3000), new Melon("Hemi", 2600)
);


WeightsAndTotal weightsAndTotal = melons.stream()
    .collect(Collectors.teeing(summingInt(Melon::getWeight),
            mapping(m -> m.getWeight(), toList()),
            WeightsAndTotal::new));

System.out.println(weightsAndTotal.toString());
  • downstream1 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 summingInt 做重量累加
  • downstream2 通过 Collectors 的静态方法 mapping 提取出瓜的重量，并通过流的终结操作 toList() 获取结果
  • merger 通过 WeightsAndTotal 构造器获取结果

运行结果:

WeightsAndTotal{totalWeight=19500, weights=[1200, 3000, 2600, 1600, 1200, 2600, 1700, 3000, 2600]}

继续一个更贴合实际的例子吧:

预约人员列表和预约人数

class Guest {
    private String name;
    private boolean participating;
    private Integer participantsNumber;

    public Guest(String name, boolean participating, Integer participantsNumber) {
        this.name = name;
        this.participating = participating;
        this.participantsNumber = participantsNumber;
    }
    public boolean isParticipating() {return participating;}

    public Integer getParticipantsNumber() {return participantsNumber;}

    public String getName() {return name;}
}

class EventParticipation {
    private List<String> guestNameList;
    private Integer totalNumberOfParticipants;

    public EventParticipation(List<String> guestNameList, Integer totalNumberOfParticipants) {
        this.guestNameList = guestNameList;
        this.totalNumberOfParticipants = totalNumberOfParticipants;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EventParticipation {" +
                "guests =" + guestNameList +
                ", total number of participants =" + totalNumberOfParticipants +
                "}";
    }
}

通过 teeing API 处理

var result = Stream.of(new Guest("Marco", true, 3),
                new Guest("David", false, 2),
                new Guest("Roger",true, 6))
                .collect(Collectors.teeing(Collectors.filtering(Guest::isParticipating, Collectors.mapping(Guest::getName, Collectors.toList())),
                        Collectors.summingInt(Guest::getParticipantsNumber),
                        EventParticipation::new
                ));
System.out.println(result);
  • downstream1 通过 filtering 方法过滤出确定参加的人，并 mapping 出他们的姓名，最终放到 toList 集合中
  • downstream2 通过 summingInt 方法计数累加
  • merger 通过 EventParticipation 构造器收集结果

其中我们定义了 var result 来收集结果，并没有指定类型，这个语法糖也加速了我们编程的效率

运行结果:

EventParticipation {guests = [Marco, Roger], total number of participants = 11 }

总结

其实 teeing API 就是灵活应用 Collectors 里面定义的静态方法，将集合元素通过 downstream1 和 downstream2 进行处理，最终通过 merger 收集起来，当项目中有同时获取两个收集结果时，是时候应用我们的 teeing API 了

灵魂追问

  1. Collectors 里面的静态方法你应用的熟练吗？
  2. 项目中你们在用 JDK 的版本是多少？
  3. Lambda 的使用熟练吗？
  4. 你的灯还亮着吗？

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