一、工具介绍
1、简介
Apache httpd 本身是一个提供 http 服务工具. 其内含一个 ApacheBench(ab) 命令, 可用于模拟并发 HTTP 请求.
ab 命令使用说明, 见官网
2、适用场景
- 1、只适用 http / https 协议
- 2、请求参数只能写死，不能随机产生, 合适像查询这种幂等接口压测
- 3、产出简单报告（txt/html），不支持图
二、下载安装
1、Window 下载安装
国内推荐下载地址
下载后解压即可使用，推荐配置解压路径到系统环境变量，这样以后命令窗口就能识别到 ab 命令.
懒人一键下载:
httpd-2.4.41-win64-VS16.zip、httpd-2.4.41-win32-VS16.zip
2、Linux 安装
安装命令
sudo apt install apache2如果需要最小安装, 不需要 apache 提供的 http 功能, 则使用下面命令安装
sudo apt install apache2-utils3、验证
在命令窗口输入 ab -h 命令后，能显示 ab 命令使用提示，即安装完成，如下。
~ » ab linbo@LinBo
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests Number of requests to perform
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name
-h Display usage information (this message)
-I Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(SSL2, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
-E certfile Specify optional client certificate chain and private key三、测试使用
1、命令格式
ab [选项 / 参数] [URL 地址]2、常用选项
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| -c | 并发请求数量, 默认 1 个 |
| -n | 总请求数量 |
| -T | 设置 POST/PUT 请求方式的 Content-type 请求头参数, 如:<p>-T “application/x-www-form-urlencoded”</p> |
| -p | POST 请求发送的请求数据, 需要和 - T 参数一起配合使用 |
| -u | PUT 请求发送的请求数据, 需要和 - T 参数一起配合使用 |
| -m | 自定义 HTTP 请求方法, 如 DELETE/HEAD |
| -H | 添加自定义请求头参数, 使用冒号分离请求头的 key 和 value, 格式如:<p>-H “Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit”</p> |
3、使用例子
可以使用网上一些开发的服务. 这里使用到一个 Java Web 服务，只需要本地安装 JDK8 或 JDK8 以上版本，即可直接运行.
这里已经打包好程序, 只要命令窗口切换到
api-demo-v1.0.jar 所在目录, 执行命令 java -jar api-demo-v1.0.jar --server.port=80 ,80 表示使用 80 端口启动, 如果 80 端口被占用, 需要修改成其他端口, 相应下面的请求端口也要跟着修改.
3.1、GET 请求
模拟发起 HTTP GET 请求, 并发 10 个, 总共 1000 个请求, 地址: http://10.10.67.16:80/users
3.1.1、执行命令
ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://10.10.67.16:80/users3.1.2、输出结果
~ » ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://10.10.67.16:80/users linbo@LinBo
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests
# 服务器信息
Server Software:
Server Hostname: 10.10.67.16
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /users # 请求路径
Document Length: 676 bytes # 第一个成功返回的响应数据大小
Concurrency Level: 10 # 并发请求数量
Time taken for tests: 1.260 seconds # 总耗时
Complete requests: 1000 # 总请求数量
Failed requests: 0 # 请求失败数量
Total transferred: 795000 bytes # 从服务器接收数据大小
HTML transferred: 676000 bytes # 接收 HTML 大小
Requests per second: 793.48 [#/sec] (mean) # 平均每秒请求数(总请求数量 / 总耗时)
Time per request: 12.603 [ms] (mean) # 平均每批请求耗时（一批 = 总请求数量 / 并发请求数量）Time per request: 1.260 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) # 平均每个请求耗时
Transfer rate: 616.03 [Kbytes/sec] received # 从服务器接收数据流量
# 连接耗时详情
Connection Times (ms)
# 最小值 均值 中值 最大值
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 4 58.1 0 1063 # 与服务连接耗时
Processing: 2 4 5.2 3 72 # 服务器处理请求耗时
Waiting: 2 4 5.0 3 72 # 响应数据传输耗时
Total: 2 8 58.2 4 1066 # 总耗时
# 整体响应时间分布比
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 4
66% 4
75% 5
80% 5
90% 7
95% 9
98% 20
99% 41
100% 1066 (longest request)3.2、POST 请求
3.2.1、构造请求参数
ab 命令发起 post 请求，需要将参数放置到外部文件，用 -p 选项引入外部文件。文件中数据格式为
[key1]=[value1]&[key2]=[value2]&[key3]=[value3]
这里模拟 post 请求, 新增用户
数据保存到 ab-addUser.txt
3.2.2、执行命令
ab -n 100 -c 10 -p "ab-addUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users3.2.3、输出结果
» ab -n 100 -c 10 -p "ab-addUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....done
Server Software:
Server Hostname: 10.10.67.16
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /users
Document Length: 0 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 1.118 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 9200 bytes
Total body sent: 20000
HTML transferred: 0 bytes
Requests per second: 89.48 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 111.761 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 11.176 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 8.04 [Kbytes/sec] received
17.48 kb/s sent
25.51 kb/s total
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 11 101.7 1 1018
Processing: 3 8 6.3 6 35
Waiting: 3 8 6.3 6 35
Total: 4 19 101.6 7 1024
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 7
66% 8
75% 11
80% 12
90% 17
95% 25
98% 36
99% 1024
100% 1024 (longest request)3.3、PUT 请求
3.3.1、构造请求参数
跟 POST 请求差不多，需要进行请求参数准备，这里数据保存到 ab-updateUser.txt
3.3.2、执行命令
ab -n 100 -c 10 -u "ab-updateUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users/13.2.3、输出结果
» ab -n 100 -c 10 -u "ab-updateUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users/1
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....done
Server Software:
Server Hostname: 10.10.67.16
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /users/1
Document Length: 0 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 0.101 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 9200 bytes
Total body sent: 21100
HTML transferred: 0 bytes
Requests per second: 994.81 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 10.052 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.005 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 89.38 [Kbytes/sec] received
204.98 kb/s sent
294.36 kb/s total
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 1 0.3 1 1
Processing: 3 9 7.4 6 46
Waiting: 3 8 6.8 5 46
Total: 4 9 7.5 6 47
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 6
66% 8
75% 11
80% 12
90% 18
95% 27
98% 39
99% 47
100% 47 (longest request)3.4、DELETE 请求
DELETE 请求一般用于资源的删除. 这里使用到删除用户接口, 一次请求成功后, 该用户会被删除, 所以多次请求没实际意义, 这里只是列举例子参考, 一般用不到.
3.4.1、执行命令
ab -m DELETE http://10.10.67.16/users/1最后的路径参数 1 代表 id= 1 的用户
3.4.2、输出结果
» ab -m DELETE http://10.10.67.16/users/1
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....done
Server Software:
Server Hostname: 10.10.67.16
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /users/2
Document Length: 0 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1
Time taken for tests: 0.005 seconds
Complete requests: 1
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 92 bytes
HTML transferred: 0 bytes
Requests per second: 186.57 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 5.360 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 5.360 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 16.76 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 1 1 0.0 1 1
Processing: 5 5 0.0 5 5
Waiting: 5 5 0.0 5 5
Total: 5 5 0.0 5 5