从零开始webpack搭建react,redux利用
前言:
应用webpack曾经有些年头了,然而对于其中的一些根本配置还是只知其一;不知其二。为了成为一名优良的webpack配置工程师,也是学习了一把webpack,react的配置,特分享此次经验,并记录当中遇到的一些问题。当然当初的配置只是很根底的,心愿在当前的工作经验中,多多摸索,把一些webpack优化,react,redux最佳实际,都退出到其中。
文章目录
- webpack根底配置
- 配置react, less
- 引入antd,
- react-router的应用
- react-redux
- redux异步中间件的抉择 thunk/saga
- 我的项目优化:MiniCssExtractPlugin,路由切割懒加载,postcss-loader, url-loader, hmr,tree shaking,
- devserver proxy,本地mock数据
- lint & prettier
- 我的项目部署脚本
一. webpack根底配置
学习一个新技术,最好的获取形式便是浏览官网文档。(https://www.webpackjs.com/gui…)。通读当前,总结为以下几个要点。
- 初始化我的项目,装置依赖。
npm init -y
npm install webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
- 配置文件
// webpack.base.js
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
entry: './src/index.js',
output: {
filename: '[name].bundle.js',
path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
},
};
// package.json
"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js",
},
// dist/index.html
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>hyt</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="./main.bundle.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
// src/index.js
function component() {
var element = document.createElement('div');
element.innerHTML = 'hello world hyt';
return element;
}
document.body.appendChild(component());
- 接下来运行 npm run dev,查看dist下输入,发现多了一个main.bundle.js文件,关上咱们新建的index.html文件,能够看到如下,阐明咱们的webpack根底打包曾经可能应用了。
- 如果咱们更改了一个入口终点的名称,或者针对多入口增加了一个新的名称,又须要咱们手动去index.html中去更改,咱们能够应用HtmlWebpackPlugin动静生成index.html.
当然,防止咱们每次手动去清空dist文件下的内容,能够应用clean-webpack-plugin插件帮忙清空。
npm install html-webpack-plugin clean-webpack-plugin
// webpack.base.js
const path = require('path');
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
entry: './src/index.js',
output: {
filename: '[name].bundle.js',
path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
},
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: 'Output Management'
})
],
};
这里能够看到,HtmlWebpackPlugin曾经帮忙咱们生成了html文件。
- 如上,咱们曾经把握了webpack打包编译的根本应用。
然而在日常开发中,每次批改完代码都须要手动执行webpack打包命令,很繁琐。这时候能够采纳 watch或者webpack-dev-server或者webpack-dev-middleware办法实现。较为罕用的是应用webpack-dev-server,不仅提供一个简略的 web 服务器,并且可能实时从新加载。
npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server
const path = require("path");
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = {
entry: "./src/index.js",
output: {
filename: "[name].bundle.js",
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
},
devServer: {
contentBase: './dist',
open: true,
port: 8888,
},
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: "Output Management",
}),
],
};
批改package.json
"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js",
"watch": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch"
},
执行 npm run dev,看看成果。
- webpack-dev-server诚然好用,然而只实用于开发环境,在生产环境中,咱们的指标则转向于关注更小的 bundle,更轻量的 source map,以及更优化的资源,以改善加载工夫。所以咱们能够依据不同的环境,加载不同的webpack配置。
webpack.base.js
是通用配置,webapck.dev.js
中是开发环境配置,webapck.prod.js
是生产环境配置。webpack-merge
能够帮住咱们很好的合并配置。
接下来拆分配置:
// webpack.base.js
const path = require("path");
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = {
entry: "./src/index.js",
output: {
filename: "[name].bundle.js",
path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
},
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: "Output Management",
}),
],
};
// webpack.dev.js
const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");
const base = require("./webpack.base");
module.exports = merge(base, {
mode: "development",
devtool: "inline-source-map",
devServer: {
contentBase: "./dist",
open: true,
port: 8888,
},
});
const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");
const webpack = require("webpack");
const base = require("./webpack.base");
module.exports = merge(base, {
mode: "production",
devtool: "source-map",
plugins: [
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
"process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production"),
}),
],
});
// package.json
"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.dev.js",
"watch": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch",
"prod": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.prod.js"
},
到目前为止,一个小型的webpack打包利用曾经构建好了。接下来进入webpack利用中,引入react, css, less的解决。
二. 引入React, 解决css, less
- 装置React ,React-dom
npm install react react-domm
批改src/index.js,改为react组件格局代码。
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
const App = () => {
return <div>hello world hyt</div>;
};
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
因为react-dom的渲染节点,须要挂在曾经存在的id=root节点上,所以咱们须要在生成的index.html中提前写入 root节点。此操作能够搭配之前提到的HtmlWebpackPlugin实现。增加template模板。
// src/template.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
// webpack.base.js
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: 'hyt Management',
template: './src/template.html',
}),
接下来运行,npm run dev,果然,报错了。
提醒咱们,应该须要专门的loader去解决咱们的js/jsx文件。这时候,就是赫赫有名的babel退场了。babel能够帮忙咱们进行js文件的编译转换。
- babel
除了帮忙咱们对于高版本js语法转换以外,还能够解决react的jsx写法。
npm install babel-loader @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react @babel/core
更改webpack.base.js中rules规定。
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
use: [{ loader: "babel-loader" }],
},
],
},
根目录新增.babelrc配置文件
{
"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}
接下来打包运行,npm run dev ,发现浏览器中终于显示了<div>hello world hyt</div>
的dom(为了显示一行dom,咱们费了这么大的功夫,不得不吐槽)。
- 接下来给页面加点款式。
有了方才js打包报错的教训,应该明确,要想退出css文件,也须要有专门的loader去解决css文件,得以运行。
npm install css-loader style-loader
css-loader解决css文件为webpack可辨认打包的,style-loader插入到页面style中。
rules: [
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
use: [{ loader: "babel-loader" }],
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader",
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
},
],
},
]
// src/index.js
import "./style.css";
const App = () => {
return <div className="hello">hello world hyt</div>;
};
// src/style.css
.hello {
font-size: 30px;
color: blue;
}
嗯,能够看到页面中有色彩了。。
这时候思考一个问题,如果在咱们其余组件中,也有同样名字的class,再其对应的css文件中,写了不同的款式,会有什么后果,试验一下。
// src/components/about/index.js
import React from "react";
import "./style.css";
const About = (props) => {
return <div className="hello">About</div>;
};
export default About;
// src/components/about/style.css
.hello {
color: red;
}
// src/index.js
import About from "./components/about";
<About />
看下页面的展现,
发现color: red的款式并没有失效,关上控制台看下打包后的款式,名字一样的class,款式被笼罩了。
所以这个时候,就引入css modules的概念了,通过css-loader的配置,帮忙咱们实现css模块化。
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader",
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {
modules: {
localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里
},
},
},
],
}
更改js文件中引入形式。
import style from "./style.css";
const About = (props) => {
return <div className={style["hello"]}>About</div>;
};
index.js中同理
emm,款式果然失效了
- less
既然都用到css了,和不应用应用预处理less呢,可能更加提效咱们的开发。应用步骤和css大致相同,秩序多家less-loader先把less文件做一次转换,再走css-loader的流程。大略配置如下
npm install less-loader
{
test: /\.less$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings
},
{
loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS
options: {
modules: {
localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197
},
},
},
{
loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS
options: {
lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },// less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true
},
},
],
},
把About中的css文件改为less应用即可。接下来能够安心的写代码了。
三. Antd的应用,以及less的别离解决
为了进步咱们的开发效率,在我的项目中引入antd组件库。
两种办法,全量引入css;或按需加载。(antd 4.x 的 JS 代码默认反对基于 ES modules 的 tree shaking。)https://ant.design/docs/react…
采纳按需加载的办法来构建我的项目。
npm install antd babel-plugin-import
{
"presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"],
"plugins": [
[
"import",
{
"libraryName": "antd",
"libraryDirectory": "es",
"style": true // `style: 'css'` 会加载 css 文件
}
]
]
}
发现款式并没有加载胜利。
起因是咱们方才在解决less文件时,没有辨别src 和 node_modules,导致antd的class也加了modules,没有加载到正确的款式。批改less loader为
{
test: /\.less$/,
exclude: /node_modules/, // 这里做了批改
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings
},
{
loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS
options: {
modules: {
localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197
},
},
},
{
loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS
options: {
lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },
},
},
],
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
include: /node_modules/, // 这里做了批改
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings
},
{
loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS
},
{
loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS
options: {
lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },
}, // less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true, less-loader高版本须要lessOptions。
},
],
},
四. React-Router
接下来引入React-Router实现单页面利用。
具体用法可参考 https://reacttraining.com/rea…
npm install react-router-dom
批改index.js文件
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import Routes from "./Routes";
const App = () => {
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes />
</BrowserRouter>
);
};
新建Routes.js
import React from "react";
import { Switch, Route, Link, Redirect } from "react-router-dom";
import About from "./components/about";
import User from "./components/user";
const Routes = () => {
return (
<div>
<nav>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/user">User</Link>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<Switch>
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/User" component={User} />
<Redirect to="/about" />
</Switch>
</div>
);
};
export default Routes;
留神咱们应用的是BrowserRouter,本地开发webpack devserver须要开启 historyApiFallback: true, 生产环境能够在nginx端try_files。
单页面利用ok了,接下来引入react-redux去治理咱们的数据流。
五. Ract-redux
为什么抉择redux来治理咱们的数据流,以及redux的设计原理,能够查看阮一峰老师的系列文章,这里只给出根本应用。http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blo…
几个比拟重要的概念,Provider,connect, creatStore, reducer, applyMiddleware,actions。
持续革新文件构造及内容
npm install redux react-redux
- sotre
// src/store.js
import { createStore } from "redux";
import reducers from "./reducers/index";
const store = createStore(reducers, {});
export default store;
- reducer
// src/reducers/index.js
import { combineReducers } from "redux";
const initialState = {
name: "hyt",
};
function home(state = initialState, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case "TEST_REDUCER":
return {
...state,
};
default:
return state;
}
}
export default combineReducers({
home,
});
- provider
// src/index.js
import { Provider } from "react-redux";
import Routes from "./Routes";
import store from "./store";
const App = () => {
return (
<Provider store={store}>
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes />
</BrowserRouter>
</Provider>
);
};
- connect
新建容器组件container/home.js
import React from "react";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
const Home = (props) => {
return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;
};
export default connect((state) => ({ data: state.home }))(Home);
- 同样在route中引入home组件。
import Home from "./containers/home";
const Routes = () => {
return (
<div>
<nav>
<ul>
...
<li>
<Link to="/home">Home</Link>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<Switch>
...
<Route path="/home" component={Home} />
<Redirect to="/about" />
</Switch>
</div>
);
};
这是路由localhost:8080/home下就能够显示出 hello,hyt的数据。
- dispatch actions
下面曾经获取到了store中的数据,接下来dispatch去扭转store中的数据,因为组件订阅了store(connect),页面数据源会主动渲染变更。
6.1 增加action types常量
// src/constants/actionTypes.js
export const SET_USER_NAME = "SET_USER_NAME";
6.2 扭转store的action
// src/actions/homeAction.js
import { SET_USER_NAME } from "../constants/actionsType";
export function setName(payload) {
return { type: SET_USER_NAME, payload };
}
6.3 承受actions的reducer
// src/reducers/index.js
import { SET_USER_NAME } from "../constants/actionsType";
const initialState = {
name: "hyt",
};
function home(state = initialState, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case SET_USER_NAME:
return {
...state,
name: action.payload.name,
};
default:
return state;
}
}
6.4 组件触发actions。减少了mapDispatchToProps。props.setName()
// src/containers/home.js
import React, { useEffect } from "react";
import { connect } from "react-redux";
import { setName } from "../actions/homeAction";
const Home = (props) => {
useEffect(() => {
setTimeout(() => {
props.setName({
name: "wjh",
});
}, 3000);
}, []);
return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;
};
const mapDispatchToProps = {
setName,
};
export default connect(
(state) => ({ data: state.home }),
mapDispatchToProps
)(Home);
当初页面中的,hello,hyt 会在三秒后变成 hello,wjh。
六. redux中间件,thunk/saga
当初咱们解决的是同步数据,接下来咱们引入redux中间件,去解决异步action函数。
批改store,
npm install redux-thunk
// src/store.js
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from "redux";
import thunk from "redux-thunk";
import reducers from "./reducers/index";
const store = createStore(reducers, {}, applyMiddleware(thunk));
export default store;
// src/actions/homeAction.js
export function getName(payload) {
return (dispatch) => {
return Promise.resolve().then((res) => {
dispatch({
type: SET_USER_NAME,
payload: {
name: "fetch mock",
},
});
return res;
});
};
}
// src/containers/home.js
const Home = (props) => {
useEffect(() => {
setTimeout(() => {
// props.setName({
// name: "wjh",
// });
props.getName();
}, 3000);
}, []);
return <div>Home,{props.data.name}</div>;
};
const mapDispatchToProps = {
setName,
getName,
};
页面上曾经变成了 hello,fetch mock.
saga的应用能够间接参考 https://github.com/hytStart/J…
七. 我的项目优化
- 路由切割懒加载。应用import() + react-loadable实现。
npm install react-loadable
批改Routes中组件引入形式,达到按路由拆分
js模块
import Loadable from "react-loadable";
const MyLoadingComponent = (props) => {
if (props.pastDelay) {
return <div>Loading...</div>;
}
return null;
};
const User = Loadable({
loader: () => import("./components/user"),
loading: MyLoadingComponent,
delay: 300,
});
能够看到控制台js bundle加载。
- 热更新HMR
因为当初咱们每改一下代码,都能够看到刷新一次页面,于是之前的路由跳转状态、表单中填入的数据都会重置。对于开发人员过程很不不便,这时候就引出咱们的热更新了,不会造成页面刷新,而是进行模块的替换。
// webpack.dev.js
module.exports = merge(base, {
mode: "development",
devtool: "inline-source-map",
devServer: {
contentBase: "./dist",
open: true,
port: 8888,
historyApiFallback: true,
hot: true, // +++++++
},
});
// index.js
const App = () => {
return (
<Provider store={store}>
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes />
</BrowserRouter>
</Provider>
);
};
++++
if (module.hot) {
module.hot.accept();
}
++++
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
- url-loader & file-loader
当初咱们的我的项目中还没有专门的loader去解决图片,
file-loader 能够指定要复制和搁置资源文件的地位,以及如何应用版本哈希命名以取得更好的缓存。此外,这意味着 你能够就近治理图片文件,能够应用相对路径而不必放心部署时 URL 的问题。应用正确的配置,webpack 将会在打包输入中主动重写文件门路为正确的 URL。
url-loader 容许你有条件地将文件转换为内联的 base-64 URL (当文件小于给定的阈值),这会缩小小文件的 HTTP 申请数。如果文件大于该阈值,会主动的交给 file-loader 解决。
减少如下配置
npm install file-loader url-loader
// webpack.base.js
{
test: /\.(mp4|ogg)$/,
use: [
{
loader: 'file-loader',
},
],
},
{
test: /\.(png|jpg|jpeg|gif|eot|svg|ttf|woff|woff2)$/,
use: [
{
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 8192,
},
},
],
},
- MiniCssExtractPlugin
该插件将CSS提取到独自的文件中。它为每个蕴含CSS的JS文件创建一个CSS文件。它反对CSS和SourceMap的按需加载。
4.1 应用mini-css-extract-plugin
npm install --save-dev mini-css-extract-plugin
批改webpack.base.js中对于css,
less的配置,替换掉style-loader(不在须要把style插入到html中,而是通过link引入)。
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
// {
// loader: "style-loader",
// },
{
loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
options: {
esModule: true,
hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev",
reloadAll: true,
},
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {
modules: {
localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197
},
},
},
],
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
use: [
// {
// loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings
// },
{
loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
options: {
esModule: true,
hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev",
reloadAll: true,
},
},
{
loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS
options: {
modules: {
localIdentName: "[name]__[local]--[hash:base64:5]", // css-loader >= 3.x,localIdentName放在modules里 https://github.com/rails/webpacker/issues/2197
},
},
},
{
loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS
options: {
lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },
},
},
],
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
include: /node_modules/,
use: [
// {
// loader: "style-loader", // creates style nodes from JS strings
// },
{
loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
options: {
esModule: true,
hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev",
reloadAll: true,
},
},
{
loader: "css-loader", // translates CSS into CommonJS
},
{
loader: "less-loader", // compiles Less to CSS
options: {
lessOptions: { javascriptEnabled: true },
}, // less@3.x,须要开启 配置项 javascriptEnabled: true, less-loader高版本须要lessOptions。
},
],
},
4.2 如上配置,减少hrm配置
hmr: process.env.NODE_ENV === "dev"
同时在package.json scripts中注入环境变量
"scripts": {
"dev": "NODE_ENV=dev webpack-dev-server --config webpackconfig/webpack.dev.js",
"watch": "NODE_ENV=dev webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.base.js --watch",
"prod": "webpack --config webpackconfig/webpack.prod.js"
},
4.3 plugin配置
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: "Output Management",
template: "./src/template.html",
}),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
// Options similar to the same options in webpackOptions.output
// both options are optional
filename: "[name].css",
chunkFilename: "[id].css",
}),
],
到目前为止,咱们曾经依据引入文件的形式,拆散除了css,做到了按需加载。然而当初能够查看打包进去的css文件是没有通过压缩的。
4.4 减少optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin来压缩css代码,然而这时又会呈现另外一个问题,optimization.minimizer会笼罩webpack提供的默认设置,因而还需减少terser-webpack-plugin来压缩js代码。
npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin terser-webpack-plugin
// webapack.base.js
const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require("optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin");
const TerserJSPlugin = require("terser-webpack-plugin");
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
title: "Output Management",
template: "./src/template.html",
}),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
// Options similar to the same options in webpackOptions.output
// both options are optional
filename: "[name].css",
chunkFilename: "[id].css",
}),
],
optimization: {
minimizer: [new TerserJSPlugin({}), new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({})],
},
- tree shaking
https://webpack.docschina.org…
mode: 'production'
发表回复