当开发者创立了自定义组件,并想对该组件增加特定性能时,例如在自定义组件中增加一个点击跳转操作。若间接在组件内嵌入事件办法,将会导致所有引入该自定义组件的中央均减少了该性能。为解决此问题,ArkUI 引入了 @BuilderParam 装璜器,@BuilderParam 用来装璜指向 @Builder 办法的变量,开发者可在初始化自定义组件时对此属性进行赋值,为自定义组件减少特定的性能。该装璜器用于申明任意 UI 形容的一个元素,相似 slot 占位符。
阐明:
从 API version 9 开始,该装璜器反对在 ArkTS 卡片中应用。
装璜器应用阐明
初始化 @BuilderParam 装璜的办法
@BuildParam 装璜的办法只能被自定义构建函数(@Builder 装璜的办法)初始化。
● 应用所属自定义组件的自定义构建函数或者全局的自定义构建函数,在本地初始化 @BuilderParam。
@Builder function GlobalBuilder0() {}
@Component
struct Child {
@Builder doNothingBuilder() {};
@BuilderParam aBuilder0: () => void = this.doNothingBuilder;
@BuilderParam aBuilder1: () => void = GlobalBuilder0;
build(){}
}
● 用父组件自定义构建函数初始化子组件 @BuildParam 装璜的办法。
@Component
struct Child {
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`Parent builder `)
}
@BuilderParam aBuilder0: () => void = this.componentBuilder;
build() {
Column() {
this.aBuilder0()
}
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`Parent builder `)
}
build() {
Column() {
Child({ aBuilder0: this.componentBuilder })
}
}
}
● 需注意 this 指向正确。
以下示例中,Parent 组件在调用 this.componentBuilder()时,this.label 指向其所属组件,即“Parent”。@Builder componentBuilder()传给子组件 @BuilderParam aBuilder0,在 Child 组件中调用 this.aBuilder0()时,this.label 指向在 Child 的 label,即“Child”。对于 @BuilderParam aBuilder1,在将 this.componentBuilder 传给 aBuilder1 时,调用 bind 绑定了 this,因而其 this.label 指向 Parent 的 label。
阐明:
开发者审慎应用 bind 扭转函数调用的上下文,可能会使 this 指向凌乱。
@Component
struct Child {
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`Child builder `)
}
label: string = `Child`
@BuilderParam aBuilder0: () => void = this.componentBuilder;
@BuilderParam aBuilder1: () => void = this.componentBuilder;
build() {
Column() {
this.aBuilder0()
this.aBuilder1()
}
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
label: string = `Parent`
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`${this.label}`)
}
build() {
Column() {
this.componentBuilder()
Child({ aBuilder0: this.componentBuilder, aBuilder1: this.componentBuilder })
}
}
}
应用场景
参数初始化组件
@BuilderParam 装璜的办法能够是有参数和无参数的两种模式,需与指向的 @Builder 办法类型匹配。@BuilderParam 装璜的办法类型须要和 @Builder 办法类型统一。
class GlobalBuilderParam {
label: string = ""
}
@Builder function GlobalBuilder1($$ : GlobalBuilderParam) {
Text($$.label)
.width(400)
.height(50)
.backgroundColor(Color.Blue)
}
@Component
struct Child {
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`Child builder `)
}
label: string = 'Child'
// 无参数类,指向的componentBuilder也是无参数类型
@BuilderParam aBuilder0: () => void = this.componentBuilder;
// 有参数类型,指向的GlobalBuilder1也是有参数类型的办法
@BuilderParam aBuilder1: ($$ : GlobalBuilderParam) => void = this.componentBuilder;
build() {
Column() {
this.aBuilder0()
this.aBuilder1({label: 'global Builder label' } )
}
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
label: string = 'Parent'
@Builder componentBuilder() {
Text(`${this.label}`)
}
build() {
Column() {
this.componentBuilder()
Child({ aBuilder0: this.componentBuilder, aBuilder1: GlobalBuilder1 })
}
}
}
尾随闭包初始化组件
在自定义组件中应用 @BuilderParam 装璜的属性时也可通过尾随闭包进行初始化。在初始化自定义组件时,组件后紧跟一个大括号“{}”造成尾随闭包场景。
阐明:
此场景下自定义组件内有且仅有一个应用 @BuilderParam 装璜的属性。
开发者能够将尾随闭包内的内容看做 @Builder 装璜的函数传给 @BuilderParam。示例如下:
// xxx.ets
class CustomContainerParam {
header: string = '';
}
@Component
struct CustomContainer {
@Builder componentCloser() {
Text(`Custom closer `)
}
@Prop header: string = '';
@BuilderParam closer: () => void = this.componentCloser;
build() {
Column() {
Text(this.header)
.fontSize(30)
this.closer()
}
}
}
@Builder function specificParam(label1: string, label2: string) {
Column() {
Text(label1)
.fontSize(30)
Text(label2)
.fontSize(30)
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct CustomContainerUser {
@State text: string = 'header';
param: CustomContainerParam = {
header: this.text
};
build() {
Column() {
// 创立CustomContainer,在创立CustomContainer时,通过其后紧跟一个大括号“{}”造成尾随闭包
// 作为传递给子组件CustomContainer @BuilderParam closer: () => void的参数
CustomContainer(this.param) {
Column() {
specificParam('testA', 'testB')
}.backgroundColor(Color.Yellow)
.onClick(() => {
this.text = 'changeHeader';
})
}
}
}
}
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