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咱们在做自动化测试的时候，大家都是心愿本人写的代码越简洁越好，代码反复量越少越好。那么，咱们能够思考将request的申请类型（如：Get、Post、Delect申请）都封装起来。这样，咱们在编写用例的时候就能够间接进行申请了。
1. 源码剖析
咱们先来看一下Get、Post、Delect等申请的源码，看一下它们都有什么特点。
（1）Get申请源码
def get(self, url, **kwargs):
r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs) （2）Post申请源码
def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs) （3）Delect申请源码
def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
return self.request('DELETE', url, **kwargs)
（4）剖析后果
咱们发现，不论是Get申请、还是Post申请或者是Delect申请，它们到最初返回的都是request函数。那么，咱们再去看一看request函数的源码。
def request(self, method, url,
params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None,
auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None,
hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None):
"""Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query
string for the :class:`Request`.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the
:class:`Request`.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the
:class:`Request`.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the
:class:`Request`.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects``
for multipart encoding upload.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
hostname to the URL of the proxy.
:param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
content. Defaults to ``False``.
:param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
# Create the Request.
req = Request(
method=method.upper(),
url=url,
headers=headers,
files=files,
data=data or {},
json=json,
params=params or {},
auth=auth,
cookies=cookies,
hooks=hooks,
)
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
proxies = proxies or {}
settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert
)
# Send the request.
send_kwargs = {
'timeout': timeout,
'allow_redirects': allow_redirects,
}
send_kwargs.update(settings)
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
return resp
从request源码能够看出，它先创立一个Request，而后将传过来的所有参数放在外面，再接着调用self.send()，并将Request传过来。这里咱们将不在剖析前面的send等办法的源码了，有趣味的同学能够自行理解。
剖析完源码之后发现，咱们能够不须要独自在一个类中去定义Get、Post等其余办法，而后在独自调用request。其实，咱们间接调用request即可。
2. requests申请封装
代码示例：
import requests
class RequestMain:
def __init__(self):
"""
session管理器
requests.session(): 维持会话,跨申请的时候保留参数
"""
# 实例化session
self.session = requests.session()
def request_main(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, json=None, headers=None, **kwargs):
"""
:param method: 申请形式
:param url: 申请地址
:param params: 字典或bytes，作为参数减少到url中
:param data: data类型传参，字典、字节序列或文件对象，作为Request的内容
:param json: json传参，作为Request的内容
:param headers: 申请头，字典
:param kwargs: 若还有其余的参数，应用可变参数字典模式进行传递
:return:
"""
# 对异样进行捕捉
try:
"""
封装request申请，将申请办法、申请地址，申请参数、申请头等信息入参。
注 ：verify: True/False，默认为True，认证SSL证书开关；cert: 本地SSL证书。如果不须要ssl认证，可将这两个入参去掉
"""
re_data = self.session.request(method, url, params=params, data=data, json=json, headers=headers, cert=(client_crt, client_key), verify=False, **kwargs)
# 异样解决 报错显示具体信息
except Exception as e:
# 打印异样
print("申请失败：{0}".format(e))
# 返回响应后果
return re_data
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 申请地址
url = '申请地址'
# 申请参数
payload = {"申请参数"}
# 申请头
header = {"headers"}
# 实例化 RequestMain()
re = RequestMain()
# 调用request_main，并将参数传过来
request_data = re.request_main("申请形式", url, json=payload, headers=header)
# 打印响应后果
print(request_data.text) 注 ：如果你调的接口不须要SSL认证，可将cert与verify两个参数去掉。
3. 总结
本文只是简略的介绍了Python接口自动化之request申请封装，前期还有许多优化的中央，心愿和大家一起来探讨。
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