关于java:SpringBoot学习Web开发

一、SpringBoot对动态资源的映射规定

动态资源的映射规定都在WebMvcAutoConfiguration中。

(1)webjars:以jar包的形式引入动态资源

所有 /webjars/** ,都在 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 查找资源。

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在拜访的时候只须要写webjars上面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>

webjars:以jar包的形式引入动态资源

拜访localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.0/jquery.js

(2)/**拜访以后我的项目的任何资源,都去(动态资源的文件夹)找映射。

动态资源文件,比方一些JS、CSS、jQuery文件,SpringBoot默认是从以下这些门路中读取的:

-- "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
-- "classpath:/resources/",
-- "classpath:/static/", 
-- "classpath:/public/" 
"/":以后我的项目的根门路

例如:

(3)首页(欢送页)

动态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面,都被/**映射。

例如localhost:8080/会去动态资源文件下找index页面。

(4)自定义图标图标

把ico格局的图标放在默认动态资源文件门路下,并以favicon.ico命名,利用图标会主动变成指定的图标。所有的 **/favicon.ico 都在动态资源文件下查找。

(5)在application.properties中手动配置动态资源拜访门路。

在application.properties配置文件中如下编辑:

# 自定义动态资源拜访门路,能够指定多个,之间用逗号隔开
spring.resources.static-locations=classpath:/test1/,classpath:/test2/

特地要留神:自定义动态资源拜访门路后,SpringBoot默认的动态资源门路将不再起作用

三、模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf……

SpringBoot举荐的Thymeleaf:语法更简略,性能更弱小。

1、引入Thymeleaf

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--发现默认用的2.3.4版本,需切换thymeleaf版本-->
        <properties>
            <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
            <!-- 布局性能的反对程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
            <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
        </properties>

2、Thymeleaf应用

默认规定:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    private boolean checkTemplate = true;
    private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
    private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
    private String suffix = ".html";
    private String mode = "HTML";

只有咱们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/下,thymeleaf就能主动渲染。

应用:

  1. 导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
  1. 应用thymeleaf语法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>胜利!</h1>
    <!-- th:text 将div外面的文本内容设置为指定的值 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢送信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、语法规定

(1)th:text——扭转以后元素外面的文本内容

​ th:任意html属性——替换原生属性的值

(2)表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL
            1)获取对象的属性、调用办法
            2)应用内置的根本对象
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)内置的一些工具对象:
                #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
                #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the                  same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
                #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
                #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
                #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
                #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
                #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
                #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
                #objects : methods for objects in general.
                #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
                #arrays : methods for arrays.
                #lists : methods for lists.
                #sets : methods for sets.
                #maps : methods for maps.
                #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
                #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a                     result of an iteration).

Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:抉择表达式,其实和${}在性能上是一样
    补充性能:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL
        @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
            
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段援用表达式
        <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
            
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
      
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
    
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    
Comparisons and equality:(比拟运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

例如:

    @RequestMapping("/success")
    public String success(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("hello","<h1>你好</h1>");
        map.put("users", Arrays.asList("zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"));
        return "success";
    }
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>胜利!</h1>
<div th:text="${hello}"></div>
<div th:utext="${hello}"></div>

<!-- th:each每次遍历都会生成以后这个标签: 3个h4 -->
<h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
</hr>
<h4>
    <span th:each="user:${users}">[[${user}]]</span>
</h4>

</body>
</html>

输入后果:

四、SpringMVC主动配置

1、Spring MVC auto-configuration

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 主动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:依据办法的返回值失去视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发/重定向))
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器。
    • ==如何定制:咱们能够本人给容器中增加一个视图解析器,主动的将其组合进来。==
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).动态资源文件夹门路,webjars。
  • Static index.html support. 动态首页拜访
  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
  • Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter转换器—— public String hello(User user):类型转换应用Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器, 2020.10.10/2020-10-10——>Date
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规定
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
        }

​ ==增加的格式化器转换器,咱们只须要放在容器中即可。==

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http申请和响应的,User对象—Json数据;
    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定,获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

      ==给容器中增加HttpMessageConverter,只须要将本人的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义谬误代码生成规定。
  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    ==能够本人配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的(增加到容器)==,初始化WebDataBinder数据绑定器,将申请数据绑定到JavaBean中

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有主动场景

2、扩大SpringMVC

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

==编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型,不能标注@EnableWebMvc==

既保留了所有的主动配置,也能用咱们扩大的配置。

//应用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        //浏览器发送 /kai 申请来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/kai").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

​ 1)WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的主动配置类。

​ 2)在做其余主动配置时会导入,@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
      private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();

     //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
      @Autowired(required = false)
      public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
              this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相干配置都来一起调用;  
                @Override
                 // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                  //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
                   //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
                   //   }
              }
          }
    }

​ 3)容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用。

​ 4)咱们的配置类也会被调用。

​ 成果:SpringMVC的主动配置和咱们的扩大配置都会起作用。

3、全面接管SpringMVC

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的主动配置不须要了,所有都是咱们本人配置,所有的SpringMVC的主动配置都生效了。

在配置类中增加@EnableWebMvc即可

//应用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /kai 申请来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/kai").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

为什么@EnableWebMvc主动配置就生效了。

(1)@EnableWebMvc的外围

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,主动配置类才失效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
        ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

(2)可见,@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来,导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最根本的性能。

五、如何批改SpringBoot的默认配置

小结:

​ 1. SpringBoot在主动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户本人配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才主动配置;如果有些组件能够有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和本人默认的组合起来。

​ 2. 在SpringBoot中会有十分多的xxxConfigurer帮忙咱们进行扩大配置。

​ 3. 在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮忙咱们进行定制配置。

六、RestfulCRUD

1、默认拜访首页

//应用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能够来扩大SpringMVC的性能
//@EnableWebMvc  不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /kai 申请来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/kai").setViewName("success");
    }

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }
}

2、国际化

1. 编写国际化配置文件

  1. 应用ResourceBundleMessageSource治理国际化资源文件
  2. 在页面应用fmt:message取出国际化内容

步骤:

(1)编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面须要显示的国际化音讯

(2)SpringBoot主动配置好了治理国际化资源文件的组件;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    
    /**
     * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
     * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
     * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
     * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
     */
    private String basename = "messages";  
    //咱们的配置文件能够间接放在类门路下叫messages.properties;
    
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            //设置国际化资源文件的根底名(去掉语言国家代码的)
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

(3)去页面获取国际化的值;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
        <meta name="description" content="">
        <meta name="author" content="">
        <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
        <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
        <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
        <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
        <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>

    <body class="text-center">
        <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
            ![](@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg})
            <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
            <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
            <div class="checkbox mb-3">
                <label>
                  <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
        </label>
            </div>
            <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
            <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
        </form>

    </body>

</html>

成果:依据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化。

原理:

​ 国际化Locale(区域信息对象),LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象)。

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
        public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
            if (this.mvcProperties
                    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
                return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            }
            AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
            localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            return localeResolver;
        }
默认的就是依据申请头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

(4)点击链接切换国际化

/**
 * 能够在连贯上携带区域信息
 */
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String l = request.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {

    }
}


 @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
}

3、登陆

开发期间模板引擎页面批改当前,要实时失效。

(1)禁用模板引擎的缓存

# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 

(2)页面批改实现当前ctrl+f9:从新编译。

登陆谬误音讯的显示

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4、拦截器进行登陆查看

拦截器

/**
 * 登陆查看,
 */
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //指标办法执行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
            //未登陆,返回登陆页面
            request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else{
            //已登陆,放行申请
            return true;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

注册拦截器

  //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //注册拦截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                //super.addInterceptors(registry);
                //动态资源;  *.css , *.js
                //SpringBoot曾经做好了动态资源映射
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }

5、CRUD-员工列表

试验要求:

(1)RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest格调;

URI:/资源名称/资源标识 HTTP申请形式辨别对资源CRUD操作

一般CRUD(URI来辨别操作) RestfulCRUD
查问 getEmp emp—GET
增加 addEmp?xxx emp—POST
批改 updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx emp/{id}—PUT
删除 deleteEmp?id=1 emp/{id}—DELETE

(2)试验的申请架构

试验性能 申请URI 申请形式
查问所有员工 emps GET
查问某个员工(来到批改页面) emp/1 GET
来到增加页面 emp GET
增加员工 emp POST
来到批改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) emp/1 GET
批改员工 emp PUT
删除员工 emp/1 DELETE

(3)员工列表

thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名

3、默认成果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果应用th:insert等属性进行引入,能够不必写~{}:
行内写法能够加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三种引入公共片段的th属性:

th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到申明引入的元素中

th:replace:将申明引入的元素替换为公共片段

th:include:将被引入的片段的内容蕴含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

引入形式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

成果别离为
<div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
</div>

<footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>

<div>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片段的时候传入参数:


<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-sticky">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
            <li class="nav-item">
                <a class="nav-link active"
                   th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
                   href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
                    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
                        <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
                        <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
                    </svg>
                    Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
                </a>
            </li>

<!--引入侧边栏;传入参数-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6、CRUD-员工增加

增加页面

<form>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@kai.com">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <select class="form-control">
            <option>1</option>
            <option>2</option>
            <option>3</option>
            <option>4</option>
            <option>5</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">增加</button>
</form>

提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期。

2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12。

日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值须要转换为指定的类型。

2017-12-12—Date; 类型转换,格式化。

默认日期是依照/的形式。

7、CRUD-员工批改

批改增加二合一表单

<!--须要辨别是员工批改还是增加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!--发送put申请批改员工数据-->
    <!--
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot主动配置好的)
2、页面创立一个post表单
3、创立一个input项,name="_method";值就是咱们指定的申请形式
-->
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>LastName</label>
        <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Email</label>
        <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@kai.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Gender</label><br/>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
            <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
        </div>
        <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
            <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>department</label>
        <!--提交的是部门的id-->
        <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
            <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label>Birth</label>
        <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'批改':'增加'">增加</button>
</form>

8、CRUD-员工删除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
        <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
        <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button>
    </td>
</tr>


<script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
        //删除以后员工的
        $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
        return false;
    });
</script>

七、错误处理机制

1、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

默认成果:

​ 1. 浏览器,返回一个默认的谬误页面。

浏览器发送申请的申请头:

​ 2. 如果是其余客户端,默认响应一个json数据

原理:

​ 能够参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,错误处理的主动配置;

  给容器中增加了以下组件

​ (1)DefaultErrorAttributes:

帮咱们在页面共享信息;
@Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

​ (2)BasicErrorController:解决默认/error申请

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的申请来到这个办法解决
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
        
        //去哪个页面作为谬误页面;蕴含页面地址和页面内容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }

    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody    //产生json数据,其余客户端来到这个办法解决;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

​ (3)ErrorPageCustomizer:

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  零碎呈现谬误当前来到error申请进行解决;(web.xml注册的谬误页面规定)

​ (4)DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //默认SpringBoot能够去找到一个页面?  error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        
        //模板引擎能够解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的状况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可用,就在动态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面   error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

​ 步骤:

​ 一但零碎呈现4xx或者5xx之类的谬误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会失效s(定制谬误的响应规定),就会来到/error申请,就会被BasicErrorController解决。

(1)响应页面,去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析失去的:

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver失去ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

2、定制谬误响应

2.1 定制谬误的页面

(1)有模板引擎的状况下:error/状态码【将谬误页面命名为 谬误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹外面的 error文件夹下】,产生此状态码的谬误就会来到 对应的页面。

​ 咱们能够应用4xx和5xx作为谬误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有谬误,准确优先(优先寻找准确的状态码.html)。

​ 页面能获取的信息;

​ timestamp:工夫戳

​ status:状态码

​ error:谬误提醒

​ exception:异样对象

​ message:异样音讯

​ errors:JSR303数据校验的谬误都在这里

​ (2)没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个谬误页面),动态资源文件夹下找;

​ (3)以上都没有谬误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的谬误提醒页面;

2.2 定制谬误的json数据

​ (1)自定义异样解决&返回定制json数据;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//没有自适应成果...

​ (2)转发到/error进行自适应响应成果解决

 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //传入咱们本人的谬误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制谬误页面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //转发到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

2.3 将定制数据携带进来

呈现谬误当前,会来到/error申请,会被BasicErrorController解决,响应进来能够获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes失去的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的办法);

​ 1、齐全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中。

​ 2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes失去。

​ 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes():默认进行数据处理的。

自定义ErrorAttributes

//给容器中退出咱们本人定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","kai");
        return map;
    }
}

最终的成果:响应是自适应的,能够通过定制ErrorAttributes扭转须要返回的内容。

八、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot默认应用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器。

1、定制和批改Servlet容器的相干配置

(1)批改和server无关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

(2)编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器,来批改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //肯定要将这个定制器退出到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相干的规定
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

2、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

因为SpringBoot默认是以jar包的形式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web利用,没有web.xml文件。

注册三大组件用以ServletRegistrationBean形式

//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
    ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
    return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot帮咱们主动SpringMVC的时候,主动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器:DIspatcherServlet。

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
      DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
   ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
         dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默认拦挡:所有申请;包动态资源,然而不拦挡jsp申请;   /*会拦挡jsp
    //能够通过server.servletPath来批改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦挡的申请门路
    
   registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(
         this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
   return registration;
}

3、替换为其余嵌入式Servlet容器

默认反对:

Tomcat(默认应用)

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   引入web模块默认就是应用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其余的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其余的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4、嵌入式Servlet容器主动配置原理

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器主动配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创立完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断以后是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断以后容器没有用户本人定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创立嵌入式的Servlet容器
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }
    
    /**
     * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
            WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {

        @Bean
        public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

    /**
     * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

        @Bean
        public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }

    }

1)EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

   //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
         ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}

2)EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

3)以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
      ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //创立一个Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    
    //配置Tomcat的根本环节
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
         : createTempDir("tomcat"));
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
   return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)咱们对嵌入式容器的配置批改是怎么失效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮咱们批改了Servlet容器的配置?

怎么批改的原理?

5)容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
      throws BeansException {
    //如果以后初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
   if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
       //
      postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
   }
   return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize办法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
        customizer.customize(bean);
    }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
        // Look up does not include the parent context
        this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
            //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
            //定制Servlet容器,给容器中能够增加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                            false, false)
            .values());
        Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
        this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
}

ServerProperties也是定制器

步骤:

  • SpringBoot依据导入的依赖状况,给容器中增加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
  • 容器中某个组件要创建对象就会轰动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只有是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作

  • 后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制办法

5、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理

什么时候创立嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat?

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

1)SpringBoot利用启动运行run办法。

2)refreshContext(context),SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创立IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创立容器中的每一个组件】,如果是web利用创立AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)refresh(context);刷新方才创立好的ioc容器

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4)onRefresh();:web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh办法

5)webioc容器会创立嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组,TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相干配置;

7)应用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器**:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器。

先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创立出的对象获取进去

==IOC容器启动创立嵌入式的Servlet容器==

九、应用外置的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:利用打成可执行的jar

​ 长处:简略、便携;

​ 毛病:默认不反对JSP、优化定制比较复杂(应用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,本人编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创立工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】)。

外置的Servlet容器:里面装置Tomcat—利用war包的形式打包

步骤

1)必须创立一个war我的项目;(利用idea创立好目录构造)

2)将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure办法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //传入SpringBoot利用的主程序
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }

}

4)启动服务器就能够应用。

原理

jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main办法,启动ioc容器,创立嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot利用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

规定:

​ 1)服务器启动(web利用启动)会创立以后web利用外面每一个jar包外面ServletContainerInitializer实例;

​ 2)ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名;

​ 3)还能够应用@HandlesTypes,在利用启动的时候加载咱们感兴趣的类。

流程:

1)启动Tomcat

2)orgspringframeworkspring-web4.3.14.RELEASEspring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!META-INFservicesjavax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模块外面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup办法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创立实例;

4)每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用本人的onStartup;

5)相当于咱们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup办法

6)SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创立容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、创立SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //调用configure办法,子类重写了这个办法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //应用builder创立一个Spring利用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //启动Spring利用
   return run(application);
}

7)Spring的利用就启动并且创立IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //刷新IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

==启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot利用==

参考

视频教程

webjars官网

Thymeleaf官网文档

Spring Web MVC Framework

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