为了保证的可读性,本文采用意译而非直译。
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这些技巧可能大家大部分都用过了,如果用过就当作加深点映像,如果没有遇到过,就当作学会了几个技巧。
1. 确保数组值
使用 grid,需要重新创建原始数据,并且每行的列长度可能不匹配,为了确保不匹配行之间的长度相等,可以使用 Array.fill
方法。
let array = Array(5).fill('');
console.log(array); // outputs (5) ["","", "","", ""]
2. 获取数组唯一值
ES6 提供了从数组中提取惟一值的两种非常简洁的方法。不幸的是,它们不能很好地处理非基本类型的数组。在本文中,主要关注基本数据类型。
const cars = [
'Mazda',
'Ford',
'Renault',
'Opel',
'Mazda'
]
const uniqueWithArrayFrom = Array.from(new Set(cars));
console.log(uniqueWithArrayFrom); // outputs ["Mazda", "Ford", "Renault", "Opel"]
const uniqueWithSpreadOperator = [...new Set(cars)];
console.log(uniqueWithSpreadOperator);// outputs ["Mazda", "Ford", "Renault", "Opel"]
3. 使用展开运算符合并对象和对象数组
对象合并是很常见的事情,我们可以使用新的 ES6 特性来更好,更简洁的处理合并的过程。
// merging objects
const product = {name: 'Milk', packaging: 'Plastic', price: '5$'}
const manufacturer = {name: 'Company Name', address: 'The Company Address'}
const productManufacturer = {...product, ...manufacturer};
console.log(productManufacturer);
// outputs {name: "Company Name", packaging: "Plastic", price: "5$", address: "The Company Address"}
// merging an array of objects into one
const cities = [{ name: 'Paris', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Lyon', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Marseille', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Rome', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Milan', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Palermo', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Genoa', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Berlin', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Hamburg', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'New York', visited: 'yes'}
];
const result = cities.reduce((accumulator, item) => {
return {
...accumulator,
[item.name]: item.visited
}
}, {});
console.log(result);
/* outputs
Berlin: "no"
Genoa: "yes"
Hamburg: "yes"
Lyon: "no"
Marseille: "yes"
Milan: "no"
New York: "yes"
Palermo: "yes"
Paris: "no"
Rome: "yes"
*/
4. 数组 map 的方法 (不使用 Array.Map)
另一种数组 map 的实现的方式,不用 Array.map
。
Array.from 还可以接受第二个参数,作用类似于数组的 map
方法,用来对每个元素进行处理,将处理后的值放入返回的数组。如下:
const cities = [{ name: 'Paris', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Lyon', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Marseille', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Rome', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Milan', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Palermo', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Genoa', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'Berlin', visited: 'no'},
{name: 'Hamburg', visited: 'yes'},
{name: 'New York', visited: 'yes'}
];
const cityNames = Array.from(cities, ({ name}) => name);
console.log(cityNames);
// outputs ["Paris", "Lyon", "Marseille", "Rome", "Milan", "Palermo", "Genoa", "Berlin", "Hamburg", "New York"]
5. 有条件的对象属性
不再需要根据一个条件创建两个不同的对象,可以使用展开运算符号来处理。
nst getUser = (emailIncluded) => {
return {
name: 'John',
surname: 'Doe',
...emailIncluded && {email : 'john@doe.com'}
}
}
const user = getUser(true);
console.log(user); // outputs {name: "John", surname: "Doe", email: "john@doe.com"}
const userWithoutEmail = getUser(false);
console.log(userWithoutEmail); // outputs {name: "John", surname: "Doe"}
6. 解构原始数据
有时候一个对象包含很多属性,而我们只需要其中的几个,这里可以使用解构方式来提取我们需要的属性。如一个用户对象内容如下:
const rawUser = {
name: 'John',
surname: 'Doe',
email: 'john@doe.com',
displayName: 'SuperCoolJohn',
joined: '2016-05-05',
image: 'path-to-the-image',
followers: 45
...
}
我们需要提取出两个部分,分别是用户及用户信息,这时可以这样做:
let user = {}, userDetails = {};
({name: user.name, surname: user.surname, ...userDetails} = rawUser);
console.log(user); // outputs {name: "John", surname: "Doe"}
console.log(userDetails); // outputs {email: "john@doe.com", displayName: "SuperCoolJohn", joined: "2016-05-05", image: "path-to-the-image", followers: 45}
7. 动态属性名
早期,如果属性名需要是动态的,我们首先必须声明一个对象,然后分配一个属性。这些日子已经过去了,有了 ES6 特性,我们可以做到这一点。
const dynamic = 'email';
let user = {
name: 'John',
[dynamic]: 'john@doe.com'
}
console.log(user); // outputs {name: "John", email: "john@doe.com"}
8. 字符串插值
在用例中,如果正在构建一个基于模板的 helper
组件,那么这一点就会非常突出,它使动态模板连接容易得多。
const user = {
name: 'John',
surname: 'Doe',
details: {
email: 'john@doe.com',
displayName: 'SuperCoolJohn',
joined: '2016-05-05',
image: 'path-to-the-image',
followers: 45
}
}
const printUserInfo = (user) => {const text = `The user is ${user.name} ${user.surname}. Email: ${user.details.email}. Display Name: ${user.details.displayName}. ${user.name} has ${user.details.followers} followers.`
console.log(text);
}
printUserInfo(user);
// outputs 'The user is John Doe. Email: john@doe.com. Display Name: SuperCoolJohn. John has 45 followers.'
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