乐趣区

18spring-cloud如何使用springtest进行单元测试

上篇和大家学习了 spring cloud 如何整合 reids,在测试时借用了 web 形式的 restful 接口进行的。那还有没有别的方式可以对 spring boot 和 spring cloud 编写的代码进行单元测试呢?答案:肯定是有的。这篇讲解一下如何使用 spring-boot-starter-test 进行单元测试

1、新建项目 sc-test,对应的 pom.xml 文件如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>sc-test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>sc-test</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency> -->

    </dependencies>
</project>

说明:只要使用 spring-boot-starter-test 即可,该 jar 已经包含 spring-boot-test

2、新建 spring boot 启动类

package sc.test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

}

备注:如果没有该类,spring-test 启动将报错,见下图

3、新建操作 redis 的配置类

package sc.test.config;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class RedisCacheAutoConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        // 键的序列化方式
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        // 值的序列化方式
        template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        return template;
    }
}

4、新建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 9005

spring:
  application:
    name: sc-redis
  redis:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    password: 
    port: 6379
    timeout: 10000 # 连接超时时间(毫秒)database: 0 # Redis 默认情况下有 16 个分片,这里配置具体使用的分片,默认是 0
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 8 # 连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制)默认 8
        max-wait: -1 # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制)默认 -1
        max-idle: 8 # 连接池中的最大空闲连接 默认 8
        min-idle: 0 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接 默认 0

5、新建测试类 TestRedis.java

package sc.test.unit;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import sc.test.model.User;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestRedis {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestRedis.class);

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate;

    @Test
    public void get() {
        // 测试线程安全
//        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
//        IntStream.range(0, 1000).forEach(i ->
//                executorService.execute(() -> stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("kk", 1))
//        );
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key", "{'name':'huangjinjin','age':30}");
        final String value = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key");
        log.info("[字符缓存结果] - [{}]", value);
        String key = "manage:user:1";
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(1L);
        u.setAge(30);
        u.setPosition("cto");
        u.setUserName("good boy");
        redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, u);
        // 从缓存获取 User 对象
        final User user = (User) redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
        log.info("[对象缓存结果] - userName={}, age={}, position={}", //
                user.getUserName(), user.getAge(), user.getPosition());
    }
}

6、进行测试
(1)reids server 没有启动时,运行 TestRedis.java(右键选择 Junit Test)

连接不上 Reids server 异常

(2)reids server 启动后时,运行 TestRedis.java,出现绿条说明执行代码成功

日志中打印相关数据,说明数据也存贮到 redis server 中

7、使用 redis-cli 验证数据是否正在存档 redis server 中

有了 spring-boot-starter-test,就可以不使用 restful 接口对 spring boot 写的接口进行单元测试了。不但可以测试 redis,也可以测试数据库的增删查改。可以使用 spring 中的各种注解,注入对象。

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